一些重要的网络结构体ifconf, ifreq,sockaddr,caddr_t

ifconf, ifreq,sockaddr,caddr_t

 

//提示:结构体设计的非常规范，强烈推荐

 

/* Interface request structure used for socket ioctl's. All interface

    ioctl's must have parameter definitions which begin with ifr_name.

    The remainder may be interface specific. */

 

struct　ifreq

{

#ifndef IFNAMSIZ

#define IFNAMSIZ　　　　16

#endif

char　　ifr_name[IFNAMSIZ];

union {

struct　sockaddr ifru_addr;

struct　sockaddr ifru_dstaddr;

struct　sockaddr ifru_broadaddr;

__ulong32_t ifru_flags;

int　　 ifru_metric;

CADdr_t ifru_data;

u_short ifru_site6;

__ulong32_t　 ifru_mtu;

int　　 ifru_baudrate;

} ifr_ifru;

 

//Following Macros are provided for convenIEnce

#define ifr_addr　　　　ifr_ifru.ifru_addr　　　/* address */

#define ifr_dstaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_dstaddr　 /* other end of p-to-p link */

#define ifr_broadaddr ifr_ifru.ifru_broadaddr /* broadcast address */

#define ifr_flags ifr_ifru.ifru_flags　　 /* flags */

#define ifr_metric　　　ifr_ifru.ifru_metric　　/* metric */

#define ifr_data　　　　ifr_ifru.ifru_data　　　/* for use by interface */

#define ifr_site6 ifr_ifru.ifru_site6　　 /* IPv6 site index */

#define ifr_mtu ifr_ifru.ifru_mtu　　　 /* mtu of interface */

#define ifr_isno　　　　ifr_ifru.ifru_data　　　/* pointer to if_netopts */

#define ifr_baudrate　　ifr_ifru.ifru_baudrate　/* baudrate of interface */

};

 

 

/* Structure used in SIOCGIFCONF request. Used to retrieve interface

    configuration for machine (useful for programs which must know all

    networks accessible). */

 

struct　ifconf

{

int　　 ifc_len;　　　　　　　　/* size of associated buffer */

 

union

{

caddr_t ifcu_buf;

struct　ifreq *ifcu_req;

} ifc_ifcu;

 

Following macros are provided for convenience

#define ifc_buf ifc_ifcu.ifcu_buf　　　 /* buffer address */

#define ifc_req ifc_ifcu.ifcu_req　　　 /* array of structures returned */

};

 

 

 

SIOCGIFADDR：获取接口地址，检索特定接口的地址

SIOCSIFADDR：设置接口地址。ifr.ifr_addr 字段返回地址。

SIOCGIFCONF：获取所有配置接口的信息，返回系统中配置的所有接口的配置信息

以上介绍转自：http://hi.baidu.com/leezongfanblog/blog/item/a86a564583934a88b3b7dc0e.html

 

struct sockaddr

{

       unsigned short sa_family; /* 地址族, AF_xxx */

       char sa_data[14]; /* 14字节的协议地址*/

};

 

typedef void *caddr_t;

处理网络接口程序的初始步骤之一就是从内核获取配置在系统中的所有接口。代码如下：

 sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
    if (sockfd == -1) {
        return(-1);
    }

    struct ifreq buf[16];
    struct ifconf ifc;    
    ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(buf);
    ifc.ifc_buf = (caddr_t)buf;
    
    ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc);
    
    int intr = ifc.ifc_len / sizeof(struct ifreq);
    while (intr-- > 0 && ioctl(sockfd, SIOCGIFADDR, (char *)&buf[intr]));
    close(sockfd);