STL中remove()只是将待删除元素之后的元素移动到vector的前端,而不是删除。
若要真正移除,需要搭配使用erase()。
例子如下:
- // remove.cpp
- // compile with: /EHsc
- // Illustrates how to use the remove function.
- //
- // Functions:
- // remove - remove all elements from the sequence that match value.
- // begin - Returns an iterator that points to the first element in a
- // sequence.
- // end - Returns an iterator that points one past the end of a sequence.
- //
- // disable warning C4786: symbol greater than 255 character,
- // okay to ignore
- #pragma warning(disable: 4786)
- #include <iostream>
- #include <vector>
- #include <algorithm>
- #include <functional>
- using namespace std;
- int main()
- {
- const int VECTOR_SIZE = 8 ;
- // Define a template class vector of integers
- typedef vector<int > IntVector ;
- //Define an iterator for template class vector of integer
- typedef IntVector::iterator IntVectorIt ;
- IntVector Numbers(VECTOR_SIZE) ; //vector containing numbers
- IntVectorIt start, end, it, last;
- start = Numbers.begin() ; // location of first
- // element of Numbers
- end = Numbers.end() ; // one past the location
- // last element of Numbers
- //Initialize vector Numbers
- Numbers[0] = 10 ;
- Numbers[1] = 20 ;
- Numbers[2] = 10 ;
- Numbers[3] = 15 ;
- Numbers[4] = 12 ;
- Numbers[5] = 7 ;
- Numbers[6] = 9 ;
- Numbers[7] = 10 ;
- cout << "Before calling remove" << endl ;
- // print content of Numbers
- cout << "Numbers { " ;
- for(it = start; it != end; it++)
- cout << *it << " " ;
- cout << " }\n" << endl ;
- // remove all elements from Numbers that match 10
- last = remove(start, end, 10) ;
- cout << "After calling remove" << endl ;
- // print content of Numbers
- cout << "Numbers { " ;
- for(it = start; it != end; it++)
- cout << *it << " " ;
- cout << " }\n" << endl ;
- //print number of elements removed from Numbers
- cout << "Total number of elements removed from Numbers = "
- << end - last << endl ;
- //print only the valid elements of Number
- cout << "Valid elements of Numbers { " ;
- for(it = start; it != last; it++)
- cout << *it << " " ;
- cout << " }\n" << endl ;
- }
Output
我们可以看出:
对于原vector { 10 20 10 15 12 7 9 10 },删除10,会将10后面的元素移动到前面
(注意以下逐个元素对齐,模拟元素在内存中的位置,这样就容易看出变化规律)
原vector
10 20 10 15 12 7 9 10
遇到第一个10,数组变成
20 10 15 12 7 9 10
遇到第二个10移动到7 9之后又遇到第三个10于是剩下内存中未移动的7 9
20 15 12 7 9 7 9 10
遇到第三个10
20 15 12 7 9 7 9 10
因此,remove()需要和erase()配合使用
svec.erase(remove(svec.begin(),svec.end(),"be"), svec.end());
这句的意思是,取得"be"的位置(位于结尾),然后删除"be"到原vector结尾的所有元素
- 附注:
- iterator的使用陷阱:
- vector<int> veci;
- veci.push_back(1);
- veci.push_back(2);
- veci.push_back(3);
- veci.push_back(4);
- veci.push_back(5);
- veci.push_back(3);
- veci.push_back(2);
- veci.push_back(3);
- for(vector<int>::iterator iter=veci.begin(); iter!=veci.end(); iter++)
- {
- if( *iter == 3)
- veci.erase(iter);
- }
这样使用是错误的,因为earase结束后,iter变成了野指针,iter++就产生了错误。
erase()返回值是一个迭代器,指向删除元素下一个元素;如果是删除某范围内的元素时:返回值也表示一个迭代器,指向最后一个删除元素的下一个元素;
- for(vector<int>::iterator iter=veci.begin(); iter!=veci.end(); iter++)
- {
- if( *iter == 3)
- iter = veci.erase(iter);
- }
这样无法删除连续两个3.
需要写成:
- for(vector<int>::iterator iter=veci.begin(); iter!=veci.end(); )
- {
- if( *iter == 3)
- iter = veci.erase(iter);
- else
- iter ++ ;
- }