rman启动伪实例恢复参数文件报错

错误描述：

RMAN-04014: startup failed: ORA-04031: unable to allocate 1048608 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap(1,0)","row cache")

问题原因：RMAN-03002：在07/08/2010 20:45:19启动命令失败
          RMAN-04014：启动失败：ORA-04031：无法分配1048608字节的共享内存（“共享池”，“未知对象”，“sga堆（1,0）”，“KEWS sesstat值”）

    原因
    RMAN无法在没有pfile的情况下启动虚拟实例。
    用于虚拟实例的默认值内存不足以启动实例。
    这在Bug 9680987中报告 -  RMAN无法启动数据库而没有参数文件

rman启动伪实例的时候出现如下错误解决方案,这个再11.2.3.0版本中出现这个问题11.2.4.0中没发现，可能是oracle 的bug,：
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Mar 13 14:30:16 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount;

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of startup command at 03/13/2019 14:30:23
RMAN-04014: startup failed: ORA-04031: unable to allocate 1048608 bytes of shared memory ("shared pool","unknown object","sga heap(1,0)","row cache")

问题原因：RMAN-03002：在07/08/2010 20:45:19启动命令失败
		  RMAN-04014：启动失败：ORA-04031：无法分配1048608字节的共享内存（“共享池”，“未知对象”，“sga堆（1,0）”，“KEWS sesstat值”）

	原因
	RMAN无法在没有pfile的情况下启动虚拟实例。
	用于虚拟实例的默认值内存不足以启动实例。
	这在Bug 9680987中报告 -  RMAN无法启动数据库而没有参数文件
	
如果出现如上问题的解决方案：
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ export ORA_RMAN_SGA_TARGET=350 --设置伪实例启动的可以用内存
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ export ORACLE_SID=orcl
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ rman target /

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Wed Mar 13 14:37:32 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database (not started)

RMAN> startup nomount;

startup failed: ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora'

starting Oracle instance without parameter file for retrieval of spfile
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area     367439872 bytes

Fixed Size                     2228464 bytes
Variable Size                180358928 bytes
Database Buffers             180355072 bytes
Redo Buffers                   4497408 bytes