一、前言
接下来是开展一系列的 SpringCloud 的学习之旅,从传统的模块之间调用,一步步的升级为 SpringCloud 模块之间的调用,此篇文章为第十八篇,即使用 Seata 处理分布式事务。
二、分布式事务问题
当单体应用被拆分成微服务应用时,假设原来由三个模块构成的一个单体应用,就会被拆分成三个独立的应用,分别使用三个独立的数据源,以下图为例:
用户购买商品的业务逻辑,整个业务逻辑由三个微服务提供支持。仓储服务对给定的商品扣除仓储数量,订单服务根据采购需求创建订单,账户服务从用户账户中扣除余额。
总结起来就是:一次业务操作需要跨多个数据源或需要跨多个系统进行远程调用,就会产生分布式事务问题。
三、Seata 简介
3.1 Seata 是什么
Seata 是一款开源的分布式事务解决方案,致力于在微服务架构下提供高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务。官网地址在这
3.2 Seata 作用
一个典型的分布式事务过程是由:分布式事务处理过程的一ID + 三组件模型构成。
Transaction ID XID:全局唯一的事务 ID
Transaction Coordinator (TC):事务协调器,维护全局事务的运行状态,负责协调并驱动全局事务的提交或回滚。
Transaction Manager (TM):事务管理器,定义全局事务的范围:开始全局事务、提交或回滚全局事务。
Resource Manager (RM):资源管理器,管理分支事务处理的资源,与 TC 交谈以注册分支事务和报告分支事务的状态,并驱动分支事务提交或回滚。
3.3 处理过程
1、TM 向 TC 申请开启一个全局事务,全局事务创建成功并生成一个全局唯一的 XID
2、XID 在微服务调用链路的上下文中传播
3、RM 向 TC 注册分支事务,将其纳入 XID 对应全局事务的管辖
4、TM 向 TC 发起针对 XID 的全局提交或回滚决议。
5、TC 调度 XID 下管辖的全部分支事务完成提交或回滚请求。
四、Seata-Server 安装
4.1 下载
在官网选择适合自己的版本,我这边下载的是 seata-server-0.9.0.zip 版本,最好跟我一样
4.2 安装
首先将下载好的安装包解压到指定目录并修改 conf 目录下的 file.conf 配置文件,一共修改两个地方,第一个地方是修改 service 模块自定义事务组的名称,叫什么都可以,如下图:
第二个地方是修改 store 模块事务日志存储模式为 db 和数据库连接信息,如下图:
接下来在 mysql5.7 数据库新建库 seata,然后运行 conf 目录下的 db_store.sql 脚本,如下图:
执行完 sql 脚本之后会创建三张表,如下图:
接下来修改 conf 目录下的 registry.conf 配置文件,指明注册中心为 nacos,并修改 nacos 的连接信息,如下图:
最后先启动 Nacos,然后在 bin 目录下点击 seata-server.bat 命令来启动 seata,启动成功的界面如下所示:
五、数据库准备
5.1 业务说明
接下来我们模拟一个 seata 的分布式交易解决方案的场景,如下图
这里我们会创建三个服务,一个订单服务,一个库存服务和一个账户服务。
当用户下单时,会在订单服务中创建一个订单,然后通过远程调用库存服务来扣减下单商品的库存,再通过远程调用账户服务来扣减用户账户里面的余额,最后在订单服务中修改订单状态为已完成。
该操作跨越三个数据库,有两次远程调用,很明显会有分布式事务问题。
总结起来就是:下订单 ---- 扣库存 ---- 减账户
5.2 创建数据库
我们需要创建三个数据库,分别为:seata_order 存储订单的数据库,seata_storage 存储库存的数据库,seata_account 存储账户信息的数据库。建表语句如下:
create database seata_order;
create database seata_storage;
create database seata_account;
5.3 创建表
在 seata_order 库下创建 t_order 表,建表语句如下:
drop TABLE if EXISTS `t_order`;
CREATE TABLE `t_order` (
`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`user_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
`product_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
`count` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '数量',
`money` DECIMAL(11,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '金额',
`status` INT(1) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '订单状态: 0: 创建中;1: 已完结'
)ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=7 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
在 seata_storage 库下创建 t_storage 表,建表语句如下:
drop TABLE if EXISTS `t_storage`;
CREATE TABLE `t_storage` (
`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
`product_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '产品id',
`total` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总库存',
`used` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用库存',
`residue` INT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '剩余库存'
)ENGINE INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `t_storage`(id, product_id,total,used,residue)VALUES ('1','1','100','0','100');
在 seata_account 库下创建 t_account 表,建表语句如下:
drop TABLE if EXISTS `t_account`;
CREATE TABLE `t_account` (
`id` BIGINT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY COMMENT 'id',
`user_id` BIGINT(11) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '用户id',
`total` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '总额度',
`used` DECIMAL(10.0) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '已用余',
`residue` DECIMAL(10,0) DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '剩余可用额度'
)ENGINE=INNODB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `t_account`( `id` , `user_id` , `total`,`used`,`residue`) VALUES ('1','1','1000','0','1000');
最后在上面创建的三个数据库下,分别创建各自的回滚日志表,执行的语句在 conf 目录下的 db_undo_log.sql,如下图:
最终的效果如下图:
六、订单微服务准备
创建一个 seata-order-service2001 的订单微服务模块,接下来详细的介绍下模块的相关内容。
父 pom.xml 的内容如下所示:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>pom</packaging>
<modules>
<module>cloud-provider-payment8001</module>
<module>cloud-consumer-order80</module>
<module>cloud-api-commons</module>
<module>cloud-eureka-server7001</module>
<module>cloud-eureka-server7002</module>
<module>cloud-provider-payment8002</module>
<module>cloud-provider-payment8004</module>
<module>cloud-consumerzk-order80</module>
<module>cloud-provider-payment8006</module>
<module>cloud-consumerconsul-order80</module>
<module>cloud-consumer-feign-order80</module>
<module>cloud-provider-hystrix-payment8001</module>
<module>cloud-consumer-feign-hystrix-order80</module>
<module>cloud-consumer-hystrix-dashboard9001</module>
<module>cloud-gateway-gateway9527</module>
<module>cloud-config-center-3344</module>
<module>cloud-config-client-3355</module>
<module>cloud-config-center-3366</module>
<module>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-provider8801</module>
<module>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8802</module>
<module>cloud-stream-rabbitmq-consumer8803</module>
<module>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9001</module>
<module>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9002</module>
<module>cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order83</module>
<module>cloudalibaba-config-nacos-client3377</module>
<module>cloudalibaba-sentinel-service8401</module>
<module>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9003</module>
<module>cloudalibaba-provider-payment9004</module>
<module>cloudalibaba-consumer-nacos-order84</module>
<module>seata-order-service2001</module>
<module>seata-storage-service2002</module>
<module>seata-account-service2003</module>
</modules>
<!-- 统一管理jar包版本 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
<lombok.version>1.16.18</lombok.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.47</mysql.version>
<druid.version>1.1.16</druid.version>
<mybatis.spring.boot.version>1.3.0</mybatis.spring.boot.version>
</properties>
<!-- 子模块继承之后,提供作用:锁定版本+子modlue不用写groupId和version -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--spring boot 2.2.2-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud Hoxton.SR1-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Hoxton.SR1</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<!--spring cloud alibaba 2.1.0.RELEASE-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid</artifactId>
<version>${druid.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.spring.boot.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>${junit.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>${lombok.version}</version>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<addResources>true</addResources>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
6.1 添加 maven 依赖
pom.xml 的内容如下所示,唯一需要注意的是需要移除 spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata 依赖里面包含的 seata 依赖,单独引入 seata 依赖(版本不兼容)。模块之间的调用使用 openfeign。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>seata-order-service2001</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--nacos-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--seata-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--feign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--web-actuator-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--mysql-druid-->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.37</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
6.2 创建 application.yml
在 resources 目录下创建 application.yml 文件,内容如下所示,唯一需要注意的是自定义事务组名称需要与 seata-server 中的对应,即本次的事务组要和我们的 seata 服务器的组要匹配。
server:
port: 2001
spring:
application:
name: seata-order-service
cloud:
alibaba:
seata:
# 自定义事务组名称需要与 seata-server 中的对应
tx-service-group: xhf_tx_group
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_order
username: root
password: 123456
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: false
logging:
level:
io:
seata: info
mybatis:
mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
6.3 创建 file.conf
在 resources 目录下创建 file.conf 文件,内容如下所示,注意修改 service 和 db 模块的相关信息。这个文件是控制该微服务的,我们还有 seata-server 里面还有一个 file.conf 是负责总控的。
transport {
# tcp udt unix-domain-socket
type = "TCP"
#NIO NATIVE
server = "NIO"
#enable heartbeat
heartbeat = true
#thread factory for netty
thread-factory {
boss-thread-prefix = "NettyBoss"
worker-thread-prefix = "NettyServerNIOWorker"
server-executor-thread-prefix = "NettyServerBizHandler"
share-boss-worker = false
client-selector-thread-prefix = "NettyClientSelector"
client-selector-thread-size = 1
client-worker-thread-prefix = "NettyClientWorkerThread"
# netty boss thread size,will not be used for UDT
boss-thread-size = 1
#auto default pin or 8
worker-thread-size = 8
}
shutdown {
# when destroy server, wait seconds
wait = 3
}
serialization = "seata"
compressor = "none"
}
service {
vgroup_mapping.xhf_tx_group = "default" #修改自定义事务组名称
default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
enableDegrade = false
disable = false
max.commit.retry.timeout = "-1"
max.rollback.retry.timeout = "-1"
disableGlobalTransaction = false
}
client {
async.commit.buffer.limit = 10000
lock {
retry.internal = 10
retry.times = 30
}
report.retry.count = 5
tm.commit.retry.count = 1
tm.rollback.retry.count = 1
}
## transaction log store
store {
## store mode: file、db
mode = "db"
## file store
file {
dir = "sessionStore"
# branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
max-branch-session-size = 16384
# globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
max-global-session-size = 512
# file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
file-write-buffer-cache-size = 16384
# when recover batch read size
session.reload.read_size = 100
# async, sync
flush-disk-mode = async
}
## database store
db {
## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
datasource = "dbcp"
## mysql/oracle/h2/oceanbase etc.
db-type = "mysql"
driver-class-name = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata"
user = "root"
password = "123456"
min-conn = 1
max-conn = 3
global.table = "global_table"
branch.table = "branch_table"
lock-table = "lock_table"
query-limit = 100
}
}
lock {
## the lock store mode: local、remote
mode = "remote"
local {
## store locks in user's database
}
remote {
## store locks in the seata's server
}
}
recovery {
#schedule committing retry period in milliseconds
committing-retry-period = 1000
#schedule asyn committing retry period in milliseconds
asyn-committing-retry-period = 1000
#schedule rollbacking retry period in milliseconds
rollbacking-retry-period = 1000
#schedule timeout retry period in milliseconds
timeout-retry-period = 1000
}
transaction {
undo.data.validation = true
undo.log.serialization = "jackson"
undo.log.save.days = 7
#schedule delete expired undo_log in milliseconds
undo.log.delete.period = 86400000
undo.log.table = "undo_log"
}
## metrics settings
metrics {
enabled = false
registry-type = "compact"
# multi exporters use comma divided
exporter-list = "prometheus"
exporter-prometheus-port = 9898
}
support {
## spring
spring {
# auto proxy the DataSource bean
datasource.autoproxy = false
}
}
6.4 创建 registry.conf
在 resources 目录下创建 registry.conf 文件,内容如下所示,这个配置文件用于标注出我们的这个微服务是向哪个注册中心进行注册的。这个文件是控制该微服务的,我们还有 seata-server 里面还有一个 registry.conf 是负责总控的。
registry {
# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
type = "nacos"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost:8848"
namespace = ""
cluster = "default"
}
eureka {
serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
application = "default"
weight = "1"
}
redis {
serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
db = "0"
}
zk {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
}
consul {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
etcd3 {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
sofa {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
application = "default"
region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
cluster = "default"
group = "SEATA_GROUP"
addressWaitTime = "3000"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
config {
# file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
type = "file"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost"
namespace = ""
}
consul {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
apollo {
app.id = "seata-server"
apollo.meta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
}
zk {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
}
etcd3 {
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
6.5 创建实体类
首先创建一个用于返回前端的调用结果的实体类 CommonResult,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
// 用于返回前端的调用结果
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult <T>{
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
然后创建订单的实体类 Order,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Order {
private Long id;
private Long userId;
private Long productId;
private Integer count;
private BigDecimal money;
// 订单状态:0 创建中,1 已完结
private Integer status;
}
6.6 创建 Dao 层
创建 dao 层接口 OrderDao,里面提供创建订单和更新订单状态的方法,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.dao;
import com.springcloud.entity.Order;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
@Mapper
public interface OrderDao {
// 创建订单
void create(Order order);
// 更新订单状态
void update(@Param("userId") Long userId,@Param("status") Integer status);
}
在 resources 目录下新建 mapper 文件夹,并创建 OrderMapper.xml 文件,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.springcloud.dao.OrderDao">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.springcloud.entity.Order">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="product_id" property="productId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="count" property="count" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<result column="money" property="money" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
<result column="status" property="status" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
</resultMap>
<insert id="create">
insert into t_order (id,user_id,product_id,count,money,status)
values (null,#{userId},#{productId},#{count},#{money},0);
</insert>
<update id="update">
update t_order set status = 1
where user_id=#{userId} and status = #{status};
</update>
</mapper>
6.7 创建 service 层
首先创建库存 service 接口,用于 openFeign 远程调用,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.service;
import com.springcloud.entity.CommonResult;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
@FeignClient(value="seata-storage-service")
public interface StorageService {
// 扣减库存
@PostMapping(value="/storage/decrease")
CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId, @RequestParam("count") Integer count);
}
其次创建账户 service 接口,用于 openFeign 远程调用,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.service;
import com.springcloud.entity.CommonResult;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
@FeignClient(value="seata-account-service")
public interface AccountService {
// 扣减余额
@PostMapping(value="/account/decrease")
CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money);
}
最后创建订单的 service 接口和实现类,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.service;
import com.springcloud.entity.Order;
public interface OrderService {
// 创建订单
void create(Order order);
}
package com.springcloud.service.impl;
import com.springcloud.dao.OrderDao;
import com.springcloud.entity.Order;
import com.springcloud.service.AccountService;
import com.springcloud.service.OrderService;
import com.springcloud.service.StorageService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
// 下订单->减库存->减余额->改状态
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Resource
OrderDao orderDao;
@Resource
StorageService storageService;
@Resource
AccountService accountService;
@Override
public void create(Order order) {
log.info("------->下单开始");
//1 新建订单
orderDao.create(order);
//2 扣减库存
log.info("------->order-service中扣减库存开始");
storageService.decrease(order.getProductId(),order.getCount());
log.info("------->order-service中扣减库存结束");
//3 扣减账户
log.info("------->order-service中扣减余额开始");
accountService.decrease(order.getUserId(),order.getMoney());
log.info("------->order-service中扣减余额结束");
//4 修改订单状态,从零到1,1代表已经完成
log.info("------->order-service中修改订单状态开始");
orderDao.update(order.getUserId(), 0);
log.info("------->order-service中修改订单状态结束");
log.info("------->下单结束");
}
}
6.8 创建 controller
创建对外提供的 OrderController 类,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.controller;
import com.springcloud.entity.CommonResult;
import com.springcloud.entity.Order;
import com.springcloud.service.OrderService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
public class OrderController {
@Resource
OrderService orderService;
@GetMapping ("/order/create")
public CommonResult create (Order order){
orderService.create(order);
return new CommonResult(200,"创建成功");
}
}
6.9 创建配置类
接下来创建一个 Mybatis 的配置类,用于扫描 mapper 文件,代码如下
package com.springcloud.config;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@MapperScan({"com.springcloud.dao"})
public class MyBatisConfig {
}
然后创建一个使用 Seata 对数据源进行代理的配置类,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransactionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {
@Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
private String mapperLocations;
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DataSource druidDataSource() {
return new DruidDataSource();
}
@Bean
public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
}
}
6.10 主启动类
主启动类的代码如下所示:
package com.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)//取消数据源的自动创建
public class SeataOrderMainApp2001
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SpringApplication.run(SeataOrderMainApp2001.class, args);
}
}
6.11 测试
启动模块进行测试,可以看到,启动没有任何问题,如下图:
七、库存微服务准备
创建一个 seata-storage-service2002 的库存微服务模块,接下来详细的介绍下模块的相关内容。
7.1 添加 maven 依赖
pom.xml 的内容如下所示,唯一需要注意的是需要移除 spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata 依赖里面包含的 seata 依赖,单独引入 seata 依赖(版本不兼容)。模块之间的调用使用 openfeign。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>seata-storage-service2002</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--nacos-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--seata-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--feign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.37</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
7.2 创建 application.yml
在 resources 目录下创建 application.yml 文件,内容如下所示,唯一需要注意的是自定义事务组名称需要与 seata-server 中的对应,即本次的事务组要和我们的 seata 服务器的组要匹配。
server:
port: 2002
spring:
application:
name: seata-storage-service
cloud:
alibaba:
seata:
tx-service-group: xhf_tx_group
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_storage
username: root
password: 123456
logging:
level:
io:
seata: info
mybatis:
mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
7.3 创建 file.conf
在 resources 目录下创建 file.conf 文件,内容如下所示,注意修改 service 和 db 模块的相关信息。这个文件是控制该微服务的,我们还有 seata-server 里面还有一个 file.conf 是负责总控的。
transport {
# tcp udt unix-domain-socket
type = "TCP"
#NIO NATIVE
server = "NIO"
#enable heartbeat
heartbeat = true
#thread factory for netty
thread-factory {
boss-thread-prefix = "NettyBoss"
worker-thread-prefix = "NettyServerNIOWorker"
server-executor-thread-prefix = "NettyServerBizHandler"
share-boss-worker = false
client-selector-thread-prefix = "NettyClientSelector"
client-selector-thread-size = 1
client-worker-thread-prefix = "NettyClientWorkerThread"
# netty boss thread size,will not be used for UDT
boss-thread-size = 1
#auto default pin or 8
worker-thread-size = 8
}
shutdown {
# when destroy server, wait seconds
wait = 3
}
serialization = "seata"
compressor = "none"
}
service {
vgroup_mapping.xhf_tx_group = "default" #修改自定义事务组名称
default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
enableDegrade = false
disable = false
max.commit.retry.timeout = "-1"
max.rollback.retry.timeout = "-1"
disableGlobalTransaction = false
}
client {
async.commit.buffer.limit = 10000
lock {
retry.internal = 10
retry.times = 30
}
report.retry.count = 5
tm.commit.retry.count = 1
tm.rollback.retry.count = 1
}
## transaction log store
store {
## store mode: file、db
mode = "db"
## file store
file {
dir = "sessionStore"
# branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
max-branch-session-size = 16384
# globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
max-global-session-size = 512
# file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
file-write-buffer-cache-size = 16384
# when recover batch read size
session.reload.read_size = 100
# async, sync
flush-disk-mode = async
}
## database store
db {
## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
datasource = "dbcp"
## mysql/oracle/h2/oceanbase etc.
db-type = "mysql"
driver-class-name = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata"
user = "root"
password = "123456"
min-conn = 1
max-conn = 3
global.table = "global_table"
branch.table = "branch_table"
lock-table = "lock_table"
query-limit = 100
}
}
lock {
## the lock store mode: local、remote
mode = "remote"
local {
## store locks in user's database
}
remote {
## store locks in the seata's server
}
}
recovery {
#schedule committing retry period in milliseconds
committing-retry-period = 1000
#schedule asyn committing retry period in milliseconds
asyn-committing-retry-period = 1000
#schedule rollbacking retry period in milliseconds
rollbacking-retry-period = 1000
#schedule timeout retry period in milliseconds
timeout-retry-period = 1000
}
transaction {
undo.data.validation = true
undo.log.serialization = "jackson"
undo.log.save.days = 7
#schedule delete expired undo_log in milliseconds
undo.log.delete.period = 86400000
undo.log.table = "undo_log"
}
## metrics settings
metrics {
enabled = false
registry-type = "compact"
# multi exporters use comma divided
exporter-list = "prometheus"
exporter-prometheus-port = 9898
}
support {
## spring
spring {
# auto proxy the DataSource bean
datasource.autoproxy = false
}
}
7.4 创建 registry.conf
在 resources 目录下创建 registry.conf 文件,内容如下所示,这个配置文件用于标注出我们的这个微服务是向哪个注册中心进行注册的。这个文件是控制该微服务的,我们还有 seata-server 里面还有一个 registry.conf 是负责总控的。
registry {
# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
type = "nacos"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost:8848"
namespace = ""
cluster = "default"
}
eureka {
serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
application = "default"
weight = "1"
}
redis {
serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
db = "0"
}
zk {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
}
consul {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
etcd3 {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
sofa {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
application = "default"
region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
cluster = "default"
group = "SEATA_GROUP"
addressWaitTime = "3000"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
config {
# file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
type = "file"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost"
namespace = ""
}
consul {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
apollo {
app.id = "seata-server"
apollo.meta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
}
zk {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
}
etcd3 {
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
7.5 创建实体类
首先创建一个用于返回前端的调用结果的实体类 CommonResult,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
// 用于返回前端的调用结果
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult <T>{
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
然后创建订单的实体类 Storage,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.entity;
import lombok.Data;
@Data
public class Storage {
private Long id;
/**
* 产品id
*/
private Long productId;
/**
* 总库存
*/
private Integer total;
/**
* 已用库存
*/
private Integer used;
/**
* 剩余库存
*/
private Integer residue;
}
7.6 创建 Dao 层
创建 dao 层接口 StorageDao,里面提供扣减库存的方法,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.dao;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
@Mapper
public interface StorageDao {
/**
* 扣减库存
*/
void decrease(@Param("productId") Long productId, @Param("count") Integer count);
}
在 resources 目录下新建 mapper 文件夹,并创建 StorageMapper.xml 文件,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.springcloud.dao.StorageDao">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.springcloud.entity.Storage">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="product_id" property="productId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="total" property="total" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<result column="used" property="used" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
<result column="residue" property="residue" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
</resultMap>
<update id="decrease">
UPDATE
t_storage
SET
used = used + #{count},residue = residue - #{count}
WHERE
product_id = #{productId}
</update>
</mapper>
7.7 创建 service 层
创建库存的 service 接口和实现类,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.service;
public interface StorageService {
/**
* 扣减库存
*/
void decrease(Long productId, Integer count);
}
package com.springcloud.service.impl;
import com.springcloud.dao.StorageDao;
import com.springcloud.service.StorageService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class StorageServiceImpl implements StorageService {
@Resource
StorageDao storageDao;
@Override
public void decrease(Long productId, Integer count) {
log.info("------->storage-service中扣减库存开始");
storageDao.decrease(productId, count);
log.info("------->storage-service中扣减库存结束");
}
}
7.8 创建 controller
创建对外提供的 StorageController 类,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.controller;
import com.springcloud.entity.CommonResult;
import com.springcloud.service.StorageService;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
public class StorageController {
@Resource
StorageService storageService;
/**
* 扣减库存
*/
@RequestMapping("/storage/decrease")
public CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("productId") Long productId, @RequestParam("count") Integer count){
storageService.decrease(productId,count);
return new CommonResult(200,"扣减库存成功!");
}
}
7.9 创建配置类
接下来创建一个 Mybatis 的配置类,用于扫描 mapper 文件,代码如下
package com.springcloud.config;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@MapperScan({"com.springcloud.dao"})
public class MyBatisConfig {
}
然后创建一个使用 Seata 对数据源进行代理的配置类,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransactionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {
@Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
private String mapperLocations;
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DataSource druidDataSource() {
return new DruidDataSource();
}
@Bean
public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
}
}
7.10 主启动类
主启动类的代码如下所示:
package com.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class SeataStorageServiceApplication2002 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SeataStorageServiceApplication2002.class, args);
}
}
7.11 测试
启动模块进行测试,可以看到,启动没有任何问题,如下图:
八、账户微服务准备
创建一个 seata-account-service2003 的账户微服务模块,接下来详细的介绍下模块的相关内容。
8.1 添加 maven 依赖
pom.xml 的内容如下所示,唯一需要注意的是需要移除 spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata 依赖里面包含的 seata 依赖,单独引入 seata 依赖(版本不兼容)。模块之间的调用使用 openfeign。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloud</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>seata-account-service2003</artifactId>
<properties>
<maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--nacos-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--seata-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
</exclusion>
</exclusions>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.seata</groupId>
<artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
<version>0.9.0</version>
</dependency>
<!--feign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.37</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
8.2 创建 application.yml
在 resources 目录下创建 application.yml 文件,内容如下所示,唯一需要注意的是自定义事务组名称需要与 seata-server 中的对应,即本次的事务组要和我们的 seata 服务器的组要匹配。
server:
port: 2003
spring:
application:
name: seata-account-service
cloud:
alibaba:
seata:
tx-service-group: xhf_tx_group
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
datasource:
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/seata_account
username: root
password: 123456
feign:
hystrix:
enabled: false
logging:
level:
io:
seata: info
mybatis:
mapperLocations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
8.3 创建 file.conf
在 resources 目录下创建 file.conf 文件,内容如下所示,注意修改 service 和 db 模块的相关信息。这个文件是控制该微服务的,我们还有 seata-server 里面还有一个 file.conf 是负责总控的。
transport {
# tcp udt unix-domain-socket
type = "TCP"
#NIO NATIVE
server = "NIO"
#enable heartbeat
heartbeat = true
#thread factory for netty
thread-factory {
boss-thread-prefix = "NettyBoss"
worker-thread-prefix = "NettyServerNIOWorker"
server-executor-thread-prefix = "NettyServerBizHandler"
share-boss-worker = false
client-selector-thread-prefix = "NettyClientSelector"
client-selector-thread-size = 1
client-worker-thread-prefix = "NettyClientWorkerThread"
# netty boss thread size,will not be used for UDT
boss-thread-size = 1
#auto default pin or 8
worker-thread-size = 8
}
shutdown {
# when destroy server, wait seconds
wait = 3
}
serialization = "seata"
compressor = "none"
}
service {
vgroup_mapping.xhf_tx_group = "default" #修改自定义事务组名称
default.grouplist = "127.0.0.1:8091"
enableDegrade = false
disable = false
max.commit.retry.timeout = "-1"
max.rollback.retry.timeout = "-1"
disableGlobalTransaction = false
}
client {
async.commit.buffer.limit = 10000
lock {
retry.internal = 10
retry.times = 30
}
report.retry.count = 5
tm.commit.retry.count = 1
tm.rollback.retry.count = 1
}
## transaction log store
store {
## store mode: file、db
mode = "db"
## file store
file {
dir = "sessionStore"
# branch session size , if exceeded first try compress lockkey, still exceeded throws exceptions
max-branch-session-size = 16384
# globe session size , if exceeded throws exceptions
max-global-session-size = 512
# file buffer size , if exceeded allocate new buffer
file-write-buffer-cache-size = 16384
# when recover batch read size
session.reload.read_size = 100
# async, sync
flush-disk-mode = async
}
## database store
db {
## the implement of javax.sql.DataSource, such as DruidDataSource(druid)/BasicDataSource(dbcp) etc.
datasource = "dbcp"
## mysql/oracle/h2/oceanbase etc.
db-type = "mysql"
driver-class-name = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seata"
user = "root"
password = "123456"
min-conn = 1
max-conn = 3
global.table = "global_table"
branch.table = "branch_table"
lock-table = "lock_table"
query-limit = 100
}
}
lock {
## the lock store mode: local、remote
mode = "remote"
local {
## store locks in user's database
}
remote {
## store locks in the seata's server
}
}
recovery {
#schedule committing retry period in milliseconds
committing-retry-period = 1000
#schedule asyn committing retry period in milliseconds
asyn-committing-retry-period = 1000
#schedule rollbacking retry period in milliseconds
rollbacking-retry-period = 1000
#schedule timeout retry period in milliseconds
timeout-retry-period = 1000
}
transaction {
undo.data.validation = true
undo.log.serialization = "jackson"
undo.log.save.days = 7
#schedule delete expired undo_log in milliseconds
undo.log.delete.period = 86400000
undo.log.table = "undo_log"
}
## metrics settings
metrics {
enabled = false
registry-type = "compact"
# multi exporters use comma divided
exporter-list = "prometheus"
exporter-prometheus-port = 9898
}
support {
## spring
spring {
# auto proxy the DataSource bean
datasource.autoproxy = false
}
}
8.4 创建 registry.conf
在 resources 目录下创建 registry.conf 文件,内容如下所示,这个配置文件用于标注出我们的这个微服务是向哪个注册中心进行注册的。这个文件是控制该微服务的,我们还有 seata-server 里面还有一个 registry.conf 是负责总控的。
registry {
# file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
type = "nacos"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost:8848"
namespace = ""
cluster = "default"
}
eureka {
serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
application = "default"
weight = "1"
}
redis {
serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
db = "0"
}
zk {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
}
consul {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
etcd3 {
cluster = "default"
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
sofa {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
application = "default"
region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
cluster = "default"
group = "SEATA_GROUP"
addressWaitTime = "3000"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
config {
# file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
type = "file"
nacos {
serverAddr = "localhost"
namespace = ""
}
consul {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
}
apollo {
app.id = "seata-server"
apollo.meta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
}
zk {
serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
session.timeout = 6000
connect.timeout = 2000
}
etcd3 {
serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
}
file {
name = "file.conf"
}
}
8.5 创建实体类
首先创建一个用于返回前端的调用结果的实体类 CommonResult,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
// 用于返回前端的调用结果
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult <T>{
private Integer code;
private String message;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code,String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
然后创建账户的实体类 Account,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.entity;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class Account {
/**
* 用户id
*/
private Long userId;
/**
* 总额度
*/
private BigDecimal total;
/**
* 已用额度
*/
private BigDecimal used;
/**
* 剩余额度
*/
private BigDecimal residue;
}
8.6 创建 Dao 层
创建 dao 层接口 AccountDao,里面提供扣减账户余额的方法,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.dao;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
@Mapper
public interface AccountDao {
/**
* 扣减账户余额
*/
void decrease(@Param("userId") Long userId, @Param("money") BigDecimal money);
}
在 resources 目录下新建 mapper 文件夹,并创建 AccountMapper.xml 文件,内容如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" >
<mapper namespace="com.springcloud.dao.AccountDao">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.springcloud.entity.Account">
<id column="id" property="id" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="user_id" property="userId" jdbcType="BIGINT"/>
<result column="total" property="total" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
<result column="used" property="used" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
<result column="residue" property="residue" jdbcType="DECIMAL"/>
</resultMap>
<update id="decrease">
UPDATE t_account
SET
residue = residue - #{money},used = used + #{money}
WHERE
user_id = #{userId};
</update>
</mapper>
8.7 创建 service 层
创建账户的 service 接口和实现类,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.service;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public interface AccountService {
void decrease(Long userId,BigDecimal money);
}
package com.springcloud.service.impl;
import com.springcloud.dao.AccountDao;
import com.springcloud.service.AccountService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
@Service
@Slf4j
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Resource
AccountDao accountDao;
@Override
public void decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money) {
log.info("------->account-service中扣减账户余额开始");
accountDao.decrease(userId, money);
log.info("------->account-service中扣减账户余额结束");
}
}
8.8 创建 controller
创建对外提供的 AccountController 类,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.controller;
import com.springcloud.entity.CommonResult;
import com.springcloud.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
@RestController
public class AccountController {
@Resource
AccountService accountService;
/**
* 扣减账户余额
*/
@RequestMapping("/account/decrease")
public CommonResult decrease(@RequestParam("userId") Long userId, @RequestParam("money") BigDecimal money){
accountService.decrease(userId,money);
return new CommonResult(200,"扣减账户余额!");
}
}
8.9 创建配置类
接下来创建一个 Mybatis 的配置类,用于扫描 mapper 文件,代码如下
package com.springcloud.config;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
@Configuration
@MapperScan({"com.springcloud.dao"})
public class MyBatisConfig {
}
然后创建一个使用 Seata 对数据源进行代理的配置类,代码如下:
package com.springcloud.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;
import io.seata.rm.datasource.DataSourceProxy;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.transaction.SpringManagedTransactionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
@Configuration
public class DataSourceProxyConfig {
@Value("${mybatis.mapperLocations}")
private String mapperLocations;
@Bean
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.datasource")
public DataSource druidDataSource() {
return new DruidDataSource();
}
@Bean
public DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy(DataSource dataSource) {
return new DataSourceProxy(dataSource);
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactoryBean(DataSourceProxy dataSourceProxy) throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean sqlSessionFactoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setDataSource(dataSourceProxy);
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setMapperLocations(new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver().getResources(mapperLocations));
sqlSessionFactoryBean.setTransactionFactory(new SpringManagedTransactionFactory());
return sqlSessionFactoryBean.getObject();
}
}
8.10 主启动类
主启动类的代码如下所示:
package com.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication(exclude = DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class SeataAccountMainApp2003
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
SpringApplication.run(SeataAccountMainApp2003.class, args);
}
}
8.11 测试
启动模块进行测试,可以看到,启动没有任何问题,如下图:
九、测试
9.1 正常下单
此时数据库的初始数据如下图,由于无人下单,订单表没有数据;库存表一共有 100 个,卖了 0 个,还剩 100 个;账户表一共 1000 元,用了 0 元,还剩 1000 元。
分别启动三个微服务,然后通过浏览器创建订单 http://localhost:2001/order/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100,如下图,订单创建成功。
控制台的打印日志输出如下,也是没有任何问题的。
此时数据库的数据如下图,用户下单成功,订单表里面新增了一条数据;库存表里面一共 100 个,卖出去 10 个,还剩 90 个;账户表里面一共 1000 元,花了 100 元,还剩 900 元。
9.2 超时异常
为了演示超时异常的情况,我们在 seata-account-service2003 模块的 AccountServiceImpl 类中模拟一个超时的异常,因为 openFeign 默认的超时时间为 1s,必定会发生异常,代码如下:
@Service
@Slf4j
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Resource
AccountDao accountDao;
@Override
public void decrease(Long userId, BigDecimal money) {
log.info("------->account-service中扣减账户余额开始");
// 模拟超时场景
try {
Thread.sleep(2000L);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
accountDao.decrease(userId, money);
log.info("------->account-service中扣减账户余额结束");
}
}
此时重启 seata-account-service2003 模块,然后再次访问 http://localhost:2001/order/create?userId=1&productId=1&count=10&money=100,如下图,可以看到直接就返回了错误的信息
此时数据库的数据如下图,订单表里面新增了一条数据,但此条数据处于下单未成功的状态;但是库存和金额都扣除了,订单状态并没有设置为已经完成,没有从 0 改为 1,而且由于 feign 的重试机制,账户余额还有可能被多次扣减,故出现了事务的问题。
9.3 添加全局事务控制
为了解决上面出现的事务问题,我们可以在业务类 OrderServiceImpl 上添加一个 @GlobalTransactional 注解来解决这个问题,代码如下:
// 下订单->减库存->减余额->改状态
@Service
@Slf4j
public class OrderServiceImpl implements OrderService {
@Resource
OrderDao orderDao;
@Resource
StorageService storageService;
@Resource
AccountService accountService;
@Override
// name:叫什么都行,rollbackFor:发生什么异常时进行回滚
@GlobalTransactional(name = "xhf-create-order",rollbackFor = Exception.class)
public void create(Order order) {
log.info("------->下单开始");
//1 新建订单
orderDao.create(order);
//2 扣减库存
log.info("------->order-service中扣减库存开始");
storageService.decrease(order.getProductId(),order.getCount());
log.info("------->order-service中扣减库存结束");
//3 扣减账户
log.info("------->order-service中扣减余额开始");
accountService.decrease(order.getUserId(),order.getMoney());
log.info("------->order-service中扣减余额结束");
//4 修改订单状态,从零到1,1代表已经完成
log.info("------->order-service中修改订单状态开始");
orderDao.update(order.getUserId(), 0);
log.info("------->order-service中修改订单状态结束");
log.info("------->下单结束");
}
}
再次重启工程,再次访问上述的 url 地址,返回结果如下
但是数据库里面三个表的数据没有发生任何的变化,这里不再粘图了。
十、一部分补充
10.1 seata 背景
seata 的全称为 Simple Extensible Autonomous Transaction Architecture,简单可扩展自治事务框架,是 2019 年 1 月份蚂蚁金服和阿里巴巴共同开源的分布式事务解决方案。
从 2020 开始,参加工作后用 1.0 以后的版本,因为它支持集群了。
10.2 再看三大组件
结合我们开发的案例来讲,TC 就是我们单独部署的 seata-server,TM 就是有 @GlobalTransactional 注解标注的那个方法,而 RM 就是我们编写的订单模块、库存模块和账户模块,因为它们都操作了数据库资源。
10.3 分布式事务的执行流程
1、TM 开启分布式事务,即 TM 向 TC 注册全局事务记录(代码扫描到了 @GlobalTransactional 注解)
2、按业务场景编排数据库和服务等事务内部资源,即 RM 向 TC 汇报资源状态(需要让 TC 知道此次事务都涉及到哪些数据库表和资源)
3、TM 结束分布式事务,事务一阶段结束,即 TM 通知 TC 提交/回滚分布式事务。
4、TC 汇总事务信息,决定分布式事务是提交还剩回滚。
5、TC 通知所有 RM 提交/回滚资源,事务二阶段结束。
10.4 seata 模式
seata 有三种模式供大家选择,分别为 AT 模式、TCC 模式和 Saga 模式,我们默认使用的都是 AT 模式,接下来详细的介绍下这种模式。
10.4.1 seata 模式概述
AT 模式是 Seata 创新的一种非侵入式的分布式事务解决方案,Seata 在内部做了对数据库操作的代理层,我们使用 Seata AT 模式时,实际上用的是 Seata 自带的数据源代理 DataSourceProxy,Seata 在这层代理中加入了很多逻辑,比如插入回滚 undo_log 日志,检查全局锁等。
10.4.2 seata 模式整体机制
10.4.3 一阶段加载
在一阶段,Seata 会拦截业务 SQL,如下图:
1 、解析 SQL 语义,找到业务 SQL 要更新的业务数据,在业务数据被更新前,将其保存成 before image。
2、执行业务 SQL 更新业务数据,
3、在业务数据更新之后,其保存成 after image,最后生成行锁。
以上操作全部在一个数据库事务内完成,这样保证了一阶段操作的原子性。
10.4.4 二阶段提交
二阶段如是顺利提交的话,因为业务 SQL 在一阶段已经提交至数据库,所以 Seata 框架只需将一阶段保存的快照数据和行锁删掉,完成数据清理即可。如下图:
10.4.5 二阶段回滚
二阶段如果是回滚的话,Seata 就需要回滚一阶段已经执行的业务 SQL,还原业务数据。
回滚方式便是用 before image 还原业务数据;但在还原前要首先要校验脏写,对比数据库当前业务数据和 after image,如果两份数据完全一致就说明没有脏写,可以还原业务数据,如果不一致就说明有脏写,出现脏写就需要转人工处理。如下图: