一、C++ 面向对象、类的引入

C语言是面向过程的，而C++是面向对象的。

一、问题

写一个程序，输出张三、李四的两个人的姓名、年龄

二、答案

1.最丑陋的写法

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	char *zs_name = "zhangsan";
	int zs_age = 10;

	char *ls_name = "lisi";
	int ls_age = 16;

	printf("name = %s, age = %d\n", zs_name, zs_age);
	printf("name = %s, age = %d\n", ls_name, ls_age);
	
	return 0;
}

 2.如果输入成千上万个人，怎么做？

#include <stdio.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	char *names[] = {"zhangsan", "lisi"};
	char ages[] = {10, 16};
	char *work[] = {"teacher", "doctor"};
	
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		printf("name = %s, age = %d\n", names[i], ages[i]);	
	}
	
	return 0;
}

如果属性name.age.work一直增加，这种方法也是不好的

3.引入结构体

#include <stdio.h>

struct person{
    char* name;
    int age;
    char* work;
};  //注意分号

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    struct person persons[] = {
        {"zhangsan", 10, "teacher"},
        {"lisi", 16, "doctor"},
    };  //注意分号
	
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
	{
		printf("name = %s, age = %d, work= %s\n", persons[i].name, persons[i].age, persons[i].work);	
	}
	
	return 0;
}

 //注意分号

4.结构体里面加入函数指针

#include <stdio.h>

struct person {
	char *name;
	int age;
	char *work;

	void (*printInfo)(struct person *per);  //函数指针
};

void printInfo(struct person *per)  //实现函数，非函数指针
{
	printf("name = %s, age = %d, work = %s\n", per->name, per->age, per->work);	
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct person persons[] = {
		{"zhangsan", 10, "teacher", printInfo},   //要加入函数printInfo
		{"lisi", 16, "doctor", printInfo},
	};
	
	
	persons[0].printInfo(&persons[0]);
	persons[1].printInfo(&persons[1]);
	
	return 0;
}

5.C++  对C语言结构体的扩展：

        a.可以直接写出函数

        b.函数可以直接访问结构体中的属性

#include <stdio.h>

struct person {
	char *name;
	int age;
	char *work;

	void printInfo(void)
	{
		printf("name = %s, age = %d, work = %s\n", name, age, work); 
	}
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	struct person persons[] = {
		{"zhangsan", 10, "teacher"},
		{"lisi", 16, "doctor"},
	};
	
	persons[0].printInfo();
	persons[1].printInfo();
	
	return 0;
}

6.C++ class的本质就是结构体，是对struct的一个扩展

#include <stdio.h>

class Person {                  //类首字母大写
public:
	char *name;
	int age;
	char *work;

	void printInfo(void)
	{
		printf("name = %s, age = %d, work = %s\n", name, age, work); 
	}
};

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	Person persons[] = {
		{"zhangsan", 10, "teacher"},
		{"lisi", 16, "doctor"},
	};
	
	persons[0].printInfo();
	persons[1].printInfo();
	
	return 0;
}