二十六、C++ 单例模式

xhk951

已于 2023-12-02 23:57:23 修改

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文章标签： c++ 单例模式开发语言

于 2023-12-02 23:55:00 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xhk951/article/details/134759585

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1.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

class Singleton;

Singleton *gInstance;


class Singleton {
public:
	static Singleton *getInstance()
	{
		if (NULL == gInstance)
			gInstance = new Singleton;
		return gInstance;
	}

	Singleton()
	{
		cout<<"Singleton()"<<endl;
	}

	void printInfo(){ cout<<"This is singleton"<<endl; }
	
};

int main()
{
	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s2 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s2->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s3 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s3->printInfo();	

	return 0;
}


只调用一次 Singleton 的构造函数

Singleton()
This is singleton
This is singleton
This is singleton

2.

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Singleton;

Singleton *gInstance;


class Singleton {
public:
	static Singleton *getInstance()
	{
		if (NULL == gInstance)
			gInstance = new Singleton;
		return gInstance;
	}

	Singleton()
	{
		cout<<"Singleton()"<<endl;
	}

	void printInfo(){ cout<<"This is singleton"<<endl; }
	
};

void *start_routine_thread1(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 1 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}

void *start_routine_thread2(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 2 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}


int main()
{
	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s2 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s2->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s3 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s3->printInfo();	


	pthread_t thread1ID;
	pthread_t thread2ID;

	pthread_create(&thread1ID, NULL, start_routine_thread1, NULL);
	pthread_create(&thread2ID, NULL, start_routine_thread2, NULL);

	sleep(3); //可能线程还没执行，main就退出了，所以让main休眠 3s,让线程有机会执行

	return 0;
}

Singleton()
This is singleton
This is singleton
This is singleton
this is thread 1 ...
This is singleton
this is thread 2 ...
This is singleton


如果两个线程在 if (NULL == gInstance) 都判断成功了
就会创建出两个实例化对象

3.

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Singleton;

Singleton *gInstance;
static pthread_mutex_t g_tMutex  = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;


class Singleton {
public:
	static Singleton *getInstance()
	{
		pthread_mutex_lock(&g_tMutex);  //获得锁
		if (NULL == gInstance)
			gInstance = new Singleton;
		pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_tMutex);  //用完释放，防止线程创建两个变量
		
		return gInstance;
	}

	Singleton()
	{
		cout<<"Singleton()"<<endl;
	}

	void printInfo(){ cout<<"This is singleton"<<endl; }
	
};

void *start_routine_thread1(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 1 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}

void *start_routine_thread2(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 2 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}


int main()
{
	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s2 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s2->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s3 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s3->printInfo();	


	pthread_t thread1ID;
	pthread_t thread2ID;

	pthread_create(&thread1ID, NULL, start_routine_thread1, NULL);
	pthread_create(&thread2ID, NULL, start_routine_thread2, NULL);

	sleep(3);

	return 0;
}

4.避免每次调用getInstance都要获取这个锁

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Singleton;

Singleton *gInstance;
static pthread_mutex_t g_tMutex  = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;


class Singleton {
public:
	static Singleton *getInstance()
	{
		if (NULL == gInstance)
		{
			pthread_mutex_lock(&g_tMutex);
			if (NULL == gInstance)
				gInstance = new Singleton;
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_tMutex);
		}
		
		return gInstance;
	}

	Singleton()
	{
		cout<<"Singleton()"<<endl;
	}

	void printInfo(){ cout<<"This is singleton"<<endl; }
	
};

void *start_routine_thread1(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 1 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}

void *start_routine_thread2(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 2 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}


int main()
{
	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s2 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s2->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s3 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s3->printInfo();	

	pthread_t thread1ID;
	pthread_t thread2ID;

	pthread_create(&thread1ID, NULL, start_routine_thread1, NULL);
	pthread_create(&thread2ID, NULL, start_routine_thread2, NULL);

	sleep(3);

	return 0;
}

每一个想要获取实例化对象，都要调用 getInstance() 函数

但是它不去调用这个，而是直接 new Singleton，怎么避免？

5.从语法上限制只能从 getInstance() 获取

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Singleton;

Singleton *gInstance;
static pthread_mutex_t g_tMutex  = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;


class Singleton {
public:
	static Singleton *getInstance()
	{
		if (NULL == gInstance)
		{
			pthread_mutex_lock(&g_tMutex);
			if (NULL == gInstance)
				gInstance = new Singleton;
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_tMutex);
		}
		
		return gInstance;
	}

	void printInfo(){ cout<<"This is singleton"<<endl; }

private:
	Singleton()           //限定构造函数
	{
		cout<<"Singleton()"<<endl;
	}
};

void *start_routine_thread1(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 1 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}

void *start_routine_thread2(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 2 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}


int main()
{
	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s2 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s2->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s3 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s3->printInfo();	

//	Singleton *s4 = new Singleton();

//	Singleton s5;


	pthread_t thread1ID;
	pthread_t thread2ID;

	pthread_create(&thread1ID, NULL, start_routine_thread1, NULL);
	pthread_create(&thread2ID, NULL, start_routine_thread2, NULL);

	sleep(3);

	return 0;
}

6.懒汉模式：用到时才生成

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Singleton;



class Singleton {

private:
	static Singleton *gInstance;
	static pthread_mutex_t g_tMutex;

public:
	static Singleton *getInstance()
	{
		if (NULL == gInstance)
		{
			pthread_mutex_lock(&g_tMutex);
			if (NULL == gInstance)
				gInstance = new Singleton;
			pthread_mutex_unlock(&g_tMutex);
		}
		
		return gInstance;
	}

	void printInfo(){ cout<<"This is singleton"<<endl; }

private:
	Singleton()
	{
		cout<<"Singleton()"<<endl;
	}

	
};

Singleton *Singleton::gInstance;
pthread_mutex_t Singleton::g_tMutex  = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;


void *start_routine_thread1(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 1 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}

void *start_routine_thread2(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 2 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}


int main()
{
	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s2 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s2->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s3 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s3->printInfo();	

//	Singleton *s4 = new Singleton();

//	Singleton s5;


	pthread_t thread1ID;
	pthread_t thread2ID;

	pthread_create(&thread1ID, NULL, start_routine_thread1, NULL);
	pthread_create(&thread2ID, NULL, start_routine_thread2, NULL);

	sleep(3);

	return 0;
}

7.饿汉模式：不在类里面生成实例化对象，事先就做好

#include <iostream>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <unistd.h>

using namespace std;

class Singleton;

class Singleton {

private:
	static Singleton *gInstance;
	static pthread_mutex_t g_tMutex;

public:
	static Singleton *getInstance()
	{
		return gInstance;
	}

	void printInfo(){ cout<<"This is singleton"<<endl; }

private:
	Singleton()
	{
		cout<<"Singleton()"<<endl;
	}
	
};


Singleton *Singleton::gInstance = new Singleton;


void *start_routine_thread1(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 1 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}

void *start_routine_thread2(void *arg)
{
	cout<<"this is thread 2 ..."<<endl;

	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	
	
	return NULL;
}


int main()
{
	Singleton *s = Singleton::getInstance();
	s->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s2 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s2->printInfo();	

	Singleton *s3 = Singleton::getInstance();
	s3->printInfo();	

//	Singleton *s4 = new Singleton();

//	Singleton s5;


	pthread_t thread1ID;
	pthread_t thread2ID;

	pthread_create(&thread1ID, NULL, start_routine_thread1, NULL);
	pthread_create(&thread2ID, NULL, start_routine_thread2, NULL);

	sleep(3);

	return 0;
}