Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
A) merchant
B) appearance
C) in accordance with
D) appeared
E) able
F) startled
G) tiny
H) definite
I) indefinite
J) capable
K) occurred
L) startling
M) wrinkled
N) reflections
O) in alliance with
These 1) have 2) to me because I read in this morning’s paper that Edward Hyde Burton had died at Kobe. He was a 3) and he had been in business in Japan for many years. I knew him very little, but he interested me because once he gave me a great surprise. Unless I had heard the story from his own lips, I should never have believed that he was 4) of such an action. It was more 5) because both in 6) and manner he suggested a very 7) type. Here if ever was a man all of a piece. He was a 8) little fellow, not much more than five feet four in height, and very slender, with white hair, a red face much 9) , and blue eyes. I suppose he was about sixty when I knew him. He was always neatly and quietly dressed 10) his age and station.
ANSWER: N K A J L B H G M C
Section B
Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.
How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.
Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boy’s hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.
What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats, for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.
Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.
At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you don’t look like the latest fashion photos. Look around you and you’ll see that no one else does either!
- The author thinks that people are ________.
A) satisfied with their appearance
B) concerned about appearance in old age
C) far from neglecting what is in fashion
D) reluctant to follow the trends in fashion - Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to ________.
A) confidence in life
B) personal dress
C) personal behavior
D) personal success - Which is NOT the reason that makes fashions change?
A) Practicality.
B) Individual affection.
C) Celebrity effect.
D) Convenience. - Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes ________.
A) uniformity
B) formality
C) informality
D) individuality - Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A) Care about appearance in formal situations.
B) Fashion in formal and informal situations.
C) Ignoring appearance in informal situations.
D) Ignoring appearance in all situations.
Passage Two
Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance (抱怨). But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan’s and Dr. de waal’s study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers (房间), so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behavior became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, groupliving species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
- In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by ________.
A) posing a contrast
B) justifying an assumption
C) making a comparison
D) explaining a phenomenon - The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last sentence, paragraph 1) implies that ________.
A) monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
B) righteous indignation is also monkeys’ nature
C) monkeys, like humans, tend to complain with each other
D) no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions - Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.
A) more inclined to weigh what they get
B) attentive to researchers’ instructions
C) nice in both appearance and temperament
D) more generous than their male companions - Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys ________.
A) are as selfish as humans
B) can be taught to exchange things
C) will not be co-operative if feeling treated unfairly
D) are unhappy when separated from others - What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A) Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
B) Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
C) Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
D) Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
Passage Three
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Research on friendship has established a number of facts, some interesting, some even useful. Did you know that the average student has 5-6 friends, or that a friend who was previously an enemy is like more than one who has always been on the right side? Would you believe that physically attractive individuals are preferred as friends to those less comely, and is it fair that physically attractive defendants are less likely to be found guilty in court? Unfortunately, such titbits don’t tell us much more about the nature or the purpose of friendship. In fact, studies of friendship seem to implicate more complex factors.
For example, one function friendship seems to fulfill is that it supports the image we have of ourselves, and confirms the value of the attitudes we hold. Certainly we appear to project ourselves onto our friends; several studies have shown that we judge them to be more like us than they (objectively) are. This suggests that we ought to choose friends who are similar to us rather than those who would be complementary.
There have also been studies of pairings, both voluntary (married couples) and forced (student roommates), to see which remained together and which split up. Again, the evidence seems to favor similarity rather than complementarity as an omen of a successful relationship, though there is a complication: where marriage is concerned, once the field has been narrowed down to potential mates who come from similar backgrounds and share a broad range of attitudes and values, a degree of complementarity seems to become desirable. When a couple are not just similar but almost identical, something else seems to be needed. Similarity can breed contempt, it has also been found that when we find others obnoxious (可憎的), we dislike them more if they are like us than when they are dissimilar!
The difficulty of linking friendship with similarity of personality probably reflects the complexity of our personalities: we have many facets and therefore require a disparate (迥然不同的) group of friends to support us. This of course can explain why we may have two close friends who have little in common, and indeed dislike each other. By and large, though, it looks as though we would do well to choose friends (and spouses) who resemble us. If this were not so, computer dating agencies would have gone out of business years ago.
- Research on friendship has demonstrated that ______.
A) every student has five or six friends
B) judges are always influenced by a pretty face
C) ugly people find it harder to make friends than beautiful people
D) we tend to grow fond of people if we dislike them at first sight - Studies of friendship have indicated that in seeking friends we ______.
A) desire to be sympathized and comprehended
B) insist on them having similar attitudes to ourselves
C) think they resemble us more than they really do
D) tend to choose those complementary to us in personality - Studies of marriage relationships indicate that ______.
A) exactly the same bases for success apply as for ordinary friendships
B) it is first of all necessary to limit prospective partners to people from similar backgrounds
C) opposites get on better than similar personalities
D) the most successful are those between people who are alike but not exactly the same - Why can two people who have different attitudes towards religion, ethics and aesthetics sometimes become good friends?
A) There exist different elements in our personality.
B) Our attitudes are always changing.
C) We need more friends to help and support us in our life.
D) A true friendship can tolerate these differences and last long. - Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A) Birds of a feather flock together.
B) One takes the behavior of one’s company.
C) Great minds think alike.
D) A friend in need is a friend indeed.
Passage Four
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of formal English.
Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against the decline in education. Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change, and he sees gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of formal speech, writing, poetry and music. While even the modestly educated sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page. Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. But it is less clear, to take the question of his subtitle, “Why We Should, Like, Care”. As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive ― there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. He is not arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.
Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms ― he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English “on paper plates instead of china”. A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
- According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.
A) is inevitable in radical education reforms
B) is but all too natural in language development
C) has caused the controversy over the counter-culture
D) brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s - The word “talking” (Paragraph 3) denotes ________.
A) formality
B) personality
C) vividness
D) informality - Which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree to?
A) Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.
B) Black English can be more expressive than Standard English.
C) Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.
D) Of all the varieties, Standard English can best convey complex ideas. - The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author’s ________.
A) interest in their language
B) appreciation of their efforts
C) struggle against the decline of formal English
D) contempt for their old-fashionedness - According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china” as ________.
A) “radical” is to “conservative”
B) “informal” is to “formal”
C) “functional” is to “artistic”
D) “inferior” is to “superior”
Vocabulary and Structure
Section A
Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.
- She has recently left a job and had helped herself to copies of the company’s client data, which she intended to ________ in starting her own business.
A) dwell on
B) come upon
C) base on
D) draw upon（借鉴） - He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and ________ it in a single nod, a gesture boys used then for “O.K.” when they were pleased.
A) shrugged
B) tugged
C) jerked（猛拉，突然说出）
D) twisted - Usually speaking, we keep dogs in the yard to ______ intruders.
A) drive into
B) drive at
C) drive off
D) drive up - Guilt had been _____ his conscience for some months.
A) making worried
B) suffering from
C) getting down
D) eating into（良心饱受折磨） - He was sure that he was going to _____ something so long as he stuck to his studies.
A) amount to
B) add up to
C) live up to
D) give way to - I was in a puzzle and _____ to know where he had been.
A) living
B) pressing
C) plucking
D) dying - He is _____ a genius.
A) part of
B) something of
C) much of
D) handful of - I’m sorry, but what you ask is out of my _____.
A) reaching
B) range
C) control
D) expectation - He has got _____ stuff ready for building his new house.
A) heaps of
B) crowds of
C) a large quantity of
D) many a - He is old and gains weight, but he is said to be _______ dancer when he was young.
A) something like
B) something of
C) something of a
D) somewhat - The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than _____.
A) the domestic marketer has
B) the domestic marketer does
C) those of the domestic marketer
D) that which has the domestic marketer - She listened carefully _______ she might discover exactly what he wanted.
A) so as that
B) in case
C) providing
D) in order that - In today’s society, politics has played a larger, _______, part in American life than ever before.（政治在美国的生活中扮演了一个比以往可以说即使不是更重要的，也得是更宏大的角色。）
A) if not an important
B) if not a more important
C) if an important
D) if a more important - ？I enjoyed the work at the factory very much, especially in _______ it kept me closely in touch with both workers and management.
A) which
B) where
C) that
D) the way which - Because there was little heat in the bedroom, he was cold _______.
A) many parts of the night
B) much through the night
C) most of the night
D) the majority part of the night - Class was _____ when the principal came in to tell us the good news.
A) starting
B) discussing
C) suspended
D) ended - _______ is insurance more important than in the management of a business.
A) Nowhere
B) No matter where
C) Nothing
D) No matter what - Last night his house was broken in, but _____, nothing valuable was stolen.
A) oddly enough
B) all in all
C) in a way
D) on the whole - ？The experiment helped the child to learn that acid _____ the metal.
A) takes apart
B) confines to
C) freezes up
D) eats into - In order to improve his English he used to read whatever he could _____.
A) reach out
B) get his hands on
C) find out
D) catch up - Today employees would like a bit more openness, a bit more _______ about what’s going on so that fewer problems and conflicts could arise.
A) tranquil
B) transparent
C) tranquilness
D) transparency - Though he returned home safe and sound, he frequently _____ his terrible experiences during WWII.
A) called back
B) thought back to
C) took a picture of
D) gave an illusion of - During the financial crisis worldwide, many small businesses went _______. Which of the following is WRONG?
A) broke
B) bankrupt
C) out
D) bust - The law _____ parents to send their children to school.
A) urged
B) compelled
C) obliged
D) forced（通常指武力） - _______ your opinions are worth considering, the committee finds it unwise to place too much importance on them.
A) As
B) Since
C) Provided
D) While - She was ________ by the sudden explosion.
A) taken up
B) taken down
C) taken aback（吓了一跳）
D) taken back - They’re trying to ________ their costs, so staff who leave are not being replaced.
A) deteriorate
B) degrade
C) trim
D) raise - Entries which are not in ________ with the rules will be disqualified.
A) allusion
B) allotment
C) allowance
D) accordance - The car has been well maintained and is in excellent ________.
A) conclusion
B) condition
C) formation
D) duration - He didn’t mention the word “redundancy” but I knew what he was ________.
A) driving
B) meaning to
C) driving at
D) pointing - After the accident he became a ________ figure, a shadow of his former self.
A) pathetic（可怜的）
B) patient
C) peculiar
D) penitent - His parents, _____, are very proud of him as he’s become one of the volunteers of the Shanghai World Expo.
A) for their parts
B) by themselves
C) on their own
D) of their own - He ________ getting up at 6 a.m. to read English near the lake.
A) manages to
B) sticks to
C) used to
D) sticks at - Remember the cruel fact that once you are ________, the so-called friends will leave you forever.
A) down and out
B) down and over
C) up and out
D) out and over - I am sorry to inform you that the ________ in our office is already filled.
A) bareness
B) blank
C) emptiness（空地）
D) vacancy（职位的空缺） - The dissipated lifestyle has greatly undermined his ________.
A) constitute（构成组成设立）
B) institute
C) constitution（宪法、身体素质）
D) institution（机构） - I had lost my pen, but she ________ up another one for me from somewhere.
A) confirmed
B) confused
C) conjured（变戏法）
D) conjectured(推测猜想) - The US government’s decision to ________ education budget has triggered strong protests from public universities.
A) slim
B) trim
C) trimmer
D) dim - A crowd ________ around the entrance to the theatre, hoping to catch a glimpse of the stars of the show.
A) congregated
B) concentrated
C) confederated(联合)
D) consolidated（加固、合并） - He would ________ in Paris every few months and stay a little while; he would get money out of someone or other and then disappear again.
A) turn to
B) turn up
C) turn over
D) turn down
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