例题 1 ：
lim n → ∞ 1 p + 2 p + … + n p n p + 1 ( p > 0 ) = lim n → ∞ 1 n ( 1 p + 2 p + … + n p n p ) = lim n → ∞ [ 1 n ∑ i = 1 n ( i n ) p ] = ∫ 0 1 x p d x = x p + 1 p + 1 ∣ 0 1 = 1 p + 1 \begin{aligned} &\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\dfrac{1^{p}+2^{p}+\ldots +n^{p}}{n^{p+1}}( p > 0) \\ &=\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\dfrac{1}{n}\left( \dfrac{1^{p}+2^{p}+\ldots +n^{p}}{n^{p}}\right) \\ &=\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\left[ \dfrac{1}{n}\sum ^{n}_{i=1}\left( \dfrac{i}{n}\right) ^{p}\right] \\ &=\int _{0}^{1}x^{p}dx \\ &=\dfrac{x^{p+1}}{p+1}| _{0}^{1} \\ &=\dfrac{1}{p+1} \end{aligned} n→∞limnp+11p+2p+…+np(p>0)=n→∞limn1(np1p+2p+…+np)=n→∞lim[n1i=1∑n(ni)p]=∫01xpdx=p+1xp+1∣01=p+11
例题 2：
lim n → ∞ n ! n n = lim n → ∞ n ! n n n = lim n → ∞ n n ⋅ ( n − 1 ) n … 1 n n = e lim n → ∞ 1 n ln ( n n ⋅ n − 1 n … 1 n ) = e lim n → ∞ 1 n [ ln ( 1 n ) + ln ( 2 n ) + … + ln ( n n ) ] = e ∫ 0 1 ln x d x = e x ( ln x − 1 ) ∣ 0 1 = e − 1 \begin{aligned} & \lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\dfrac{\sqrt[n] {n!}}{n} \\ &=\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\sqrt[n] {\dfrac{n!}{n^{n}}}\\ &=\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty }\sqrt[n] {\dfrac{n}{n}\cdot \dfrac{\left( n-1\right) }{n}\ldots \dfrac{1}{n}} \\ &= e^{\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty}\dfrac{1}{n}\ln \left( \dfrac{n}{n}\cdot \dfrac{n-1}{n}\ldots \dfrac{1}{n}\right)} \\ & = e^{\lim _{n\rightarrow \infty}\dfrac{1}{n}\left[ \ln \left( \dfrac{1}{n}\right) +\ln \left( \dfrac{2}{n}\right) +\ldots +\ln \left( \dfrac{n}{n}\right) \right] } \\ &= e^{\int _{0}^{1}\ln x dx} \\ &= e^{x(\ln x-1)| _{0}^{1}} \\ &= e^{-1} \end{aligned} n→∞limnnn!=n→∞limnnnn!=n→∞limnnn⋅n(n−1)…n1=elimn→∞n1ln(nn⋅nn−1…n1)=elimn→∞n1[ln(n1)+ln(n2)+…+ln(nn)]=e∫01lnxdx=ex(lnx−1)∣01=e−1
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