LeetCode.449 Serialize and Deserialize BST

题目：

Serialization is the process of converting a data structure or object into a sequence of bits so that it can be stored in a file or memory buffer, or transmitted across a network connection link to be reconstructed later in the same or another computer environment.

Design an algorithm to serialize and deserialize a binary search tree. There is no restriction on how your serialization/deserialization algorithm should work. You just need to ensure that a binary search tree can be serialized to a string and this string can be deserialized to the original tree structure.

The encoded string should be as compact as possible.

Note: Do not use class member/global/static variables to store states. Your serialize and deserialize algorithms should be stateless.

分析：

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * public class TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     TreeNode left;
 *     TreeNode right;
 *     TreeNode(int x) { val = x; }
 * }
 */
public class Codec {
    //对二叉树进行序列化和反序列化，尽量是序列化紧凑
    //思路：对二叉树进行层序遍历，之后对序列化的字符串进行重新建树
    // Encodes a tree to a single string.
    public String serialize(TreeNode root) {
        //遍历二叉树
        if(root==null) return "#,";
        String str=String.valueOf(root.val)+",";
        str+=serialize(root.left);
        str+=serialize(root.right);
        return str;
    }

    // Decodes your encoded data to tree.
    public TreeNode deserialize(String data) {
        String [] strs=data.split(",");
        
        Queue<String> qu=new LinkedList<>();
        for(String s:strs){
            qu.add(s);
        }
        return generateTree(qu);
    }
    //构造树
    public TreeNode generateTree(Queue<String> qu){
        String val=qu.poll();
        if(val.equals("#")){
            //说明为空
            return null;
        }
        TreeNode root=new TreeNode(Integer.valueOf(val));
        //递归将数据生成二叉树
        root.left=generateTree(qu);
        root.right=generateTree(qu);
        return root;
    }
}

// Your Codec object will be instantiated and called as such:
// Codec codec = new Codec();
// codec.deserialize(codec.serialize(root));