downloadmanager

使用downloadmanager进行下载
权限
<!--网络通信权限--> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

<!--DownloadManager使用权限--><uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER" />

主要代码如下:

      	//创建下载任务，url即任务链接
        DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(url));
        //指定下载路径及文件名
        
        // 指定下载文件地址，使用这个指定地址可不需要WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE权限。
        request.setDestinationUri(Uri.fromFile(new File(mContext.getExternalCacheDir(), "aaa.apk")));

        //一些配置
        //允许移动网络与WIFI下载
        request.setAllowedNetworkTypes(DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_MOBILE | DownloadManager.Request.NETWORK_WIFI);
        //是否在通知栏显示下载进度
        request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);

        //设置可见及可管理
        /*注意，Android Q之后不推荐使用*/
        request.setVisibleInDownloadsUi(true);

        //获取下载管理器
        final DownloadManager downloadManager = (DownloadManager) context.getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
        //将任务加入下载队列
        assert downloadManager != null;
        final long id = downloadManager.enqueue(request);

获取下载结果:

//注册广播监测下载情况
        MainActivity.this.registerReceiver(receiver,
                new IntentFilter(DownloadManager.ACTION_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETE));

//广播监听下载的各个状态
    private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            checkStatus();
        }
    };

//检查下载状态
    private void checkStatus() {
        DownloadManager.Query query = new DownloadManager.Query();
        //通过下载的id查找
        query.setFilterById(downloadId);
        Cursor cursor = downloadManager.query(query);
        if (cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            int status = cursor.getInt(cursor.getColumnIndex(DownloadManager.COLUMN_STATUS));
            switch (status) {
                //下载暂停
                case DownloadManager.STATUS_PAUSED:
                    break;
                //下载延迟
                case DownloadManager.STATUS_PENDING:
                    break;
                //正在下载
                case DownloadManager.STATUS_RUNNING:
                    break;
                //下载完成
                case DownloadManager.STATUS_SUCCESSFUL:
                    //下载完成
                    cursor.close();
                    break;
                //下载失败
                case DownloadManager.STATUS_FAILED:
                    cursor.close();
                    break;
            }
        }
    }

需要注意的是,如果是http请求的话,需要在清单文件中允许http请求

android:usesCleartextTraffic="true"

至此下载的api就调用完了.

内部实现

所有下载的参数 会存入一个数据库
查看源码 位置 DownloadProvider.java
数据库名字downloads.db
表名downloads
若想直接操作这个数据库需要三个权限:如下,不过这些都是系统级权限.普通应用就不要想了

    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER_ADVANCED" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETED_INTENTS" />
从源码中查看得到如下信息:
 <!-- Allows access to the Download Manager -->
    <permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER"
        android:label="@string/permlab_downloadManager"
        android:description="@string/permdesc_downloadManager"
        android:protectionLevel="signatureOrSystem" />

    <!-- Allows advanced access to the Download Manager -->
    <permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_DOWNLOAD_MANAGER_ADVANCED"
        android:label="@string/permlab_downloadManagerAdvanced"
        android:description="@string/permdesc_downloadManagerAdvanced"
        android:protectionLevel="signatureOrSystem" />

    <!-- Allows to send download completed intents -->
    <permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_DOWNLOAD_COMPLETED_INTENTS"
        android:label="@string/permlab_downloadCompletedIntent"
        android:description="@string/permdesc_downloadCompletedIntent"
        android:protectionLevel="signature" />

可以看出 都是系统级权限.那么他们可以干啥呢
frameworks/base/core/java/android/provider/Downloads.java
此处定义了三个权限

此处使用了这些权限
packages/providers/DownloadProvider/src/com/android/providers/downloads/DownloadProvider.java

public final class DownloadProvider extends ContentProvider {

	...
 	@Override
    public Uri insert(final Uri uri, final ContentValues values) {
        checkInsertPermissions(values);
        SQLiteDatabase db = mOpenHelper.getWritableDatabase();

        // note we disallow inserting into ALL_DOWNLOADS
        int match = sURIMatcher.match(uri);
        if (match != MY_DOWNLOADS) {
            Log.d(Constants.TAG, "calling insert on an unknown/invalid URI: " + uri);
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown/Invalid URI " + uri);
        }

        ContentValues filteredValues = new ContentValues();

        boolean isPublicApi =
                values.getAsBoolean(Downloads.Impl.COLUMN_IS_PUBLIC_API) == Boolean.TRUE;

        // validate the destination column
        Integer dest = values.getAsInteger(Downloads.Impl.COLUMN_DESTINATION);
        if (dest != null) {
            if (getContext().checkCallingOrSelfPermission(Downloads.Impl.PERMISSION_ACCESS_ADVANCED)
                    != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                    && (dest == Downloads.Impl.DESTINATION_CACHE_PARTITION
                            || dest == Downloads.Impl.DESTINATION_CACHE_PARTITION_NOROAMING)) {
                throw new SecurityException("setting destination to : " + dest +
                        " not allowed, unless PERMISSION_ACCESS_ADVANCED is granted");
            }
            // for public API behavior, if an app has CACHE_NON_PURGEABLE permission, automatically
            // switch to non-purgeable download
            boolean hasNonPurgeablePermission =
                    getContext().checkCallingOrSelfPermission(
                            Downloads.Impl.PERMISSION_CACHE_NON_PURGEABLE)
                            == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
                            ...
      }
      ...
   }
   ...
}

可以看到,都是操作该数据库的权限校验.
源码可以在这个网站看,谷歌官方出品 https://cs.android.com/