三、Python列表

Python学习笔记

参考书目：《Python编程从入门到实践（第2版）》，[美] Eric Matthes，袁国忠译

三、列表

1）访问列表元素

bicycle = ['trek','redline','specialized']
print(bicycle[0])
print(bicycle[-1])

trek
specialized

2）操作元素

bicycle = ['trek','redline','specialized']

# 修改元素
bicycle[0] = 'car'
print('修改',bicycle)
# 添加
bicycle.append('bus')
bicycle.insert(1,'train')
print('添加',bicycle)
# 删除
del bicycle[0]
print('删除',bicycle)
# 弹出：列表就像一个栈，删除末尾的元素相当于弹出栈顶元素
popped_bicycle = bicycle.pop()
print('pop',popped_bicycle)
print('pop',bicycle)
# 根据值删除，remove只删除第一个指定的值
bicycle.remove('train')
print('remove',bicycle)

修改 [‘car’, ‘redline’, ‘specialized’]
添加 [‘car’, ‘train’, ‘redline’, ‘specialized’, ‘bus’]
删除 [‘train’, ‘redline’, ‘specialized’, ‘bus’]
pop bus
pop [‘train’, ‘redline’, ‘specialized’]
remove [‘redline’, ‘specialized’]

3）sort()和sorted()

bicycle = ['car', 'train', 'redline', 'specialized', 'bus']

# sort()对列表永久排序
bicycle.sort() # 按首字母排序
print('sort',bicycle)
bicycle.sort(reverse=True) # 按首字母倒序
print('rev',bicycle)
# 用sorted()临时排序
print('sorted',sorted(bicycle))
print(bicycle)

sort [‘bus’, ‘car’, ‘redline’, ‘specialized’, ‘train’]
rev [‘train’, ‘specialized’, ‘redline’, ‘car’, ‘bus’]
sorted [‘bus’, ‘car’, ‘redline’, ‘specialized’, ‘train’]
[‘train’, ‘specialized’, ‘redline’, ‘car’, ‘bus’]

4）反转列表

bicycle = ['car', 'train', 'redline', 'specialized', 'bus']

bicycle.reverse()
print(bicycle)

[‘bus’, ‘specialized’, ‘redline’, ‘train’, ‘car’]

5）长度

len(bicycle)

5