七、Python用户输入和while循环

Python学习笔记

参考书目：《Python编程从入门到实践（第2版）》，[美] Eric Matthes，袁国忠译

七、用户输入和while循环

1、函数input( )

input( )让程序暂停运行，等待用户输入文本。获取用户输入后，python将其赋给一个变量。

input( )将用户的输入视为字符串，int()可以将数的字符串表示转换成数值表示。

1）向用户提供提示（prompt）

name = input("Please enter your name: ") # 用户输入并按回车键后，输入被赋给变量name
print(f"\nHello,{name}!")

Please enter your name: skye

Hello,skye!

# 当提示超过一行，将提示赋给一个变量
prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? "

name = input(prompt)
print(f"\nHello,{name}!")

If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see.
What is your first name? skye

Hello,skye!

2）使用int( )获取数值输入

age = input("How old are you: ")
age = int(age)
age >= 18

How old are you: 23

True

2、while循环

1）让用户选择何时退出

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: "
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "

message = "" # 初始值设置为空字符串
while message != 'quit':
    message = input(prompt)
    
    if message != 'quit':
        print(message)

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter ‘quit’ to end the program. hello
hello

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter ‘quit’ to end the program. quit

2）使用标志(flag)

用标志的True or False代替变量的判断

active = True 
while active:
    message = input(prompt)
    if message == 'quit' :
        active = False
    else:
        print(message)

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter ‘quit’ to end the program. hello
hello

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter ‘quit’ to end the program. quit

3）使用break退出循环

while True:
    message = input(prompt)
    if message == 'quit':
        break
    else:
        print(message)

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter ‘quit’ to end the program. hello
hello

Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:
Enter ‘quit’ to end the program. quit

4）使用continue

忽略剩下的代码，回到循环开头

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10: 
    current_number += 1
    if current_number % 2 == 0: # 偶数时不输出
        continue
    print(current_number)

1
3
5
7
9

3、用while循环处理列表和字典

for循环也可以遍历列表，但不能修改。

1）在列表间移动元素

unconfirmed = ['dog','cat','fish','rabbit','cat']  # 待验证列表
confirmed = []  # 储存已验证的空列表
while unconfirmed:
    current = unconfirmed.pop()
    confirmed.append(current)
print("The following have been confirmed: ")
for confirmed_one in confirmed:
    print(confirmed_one)

The following have been confirmed:
cat
rabbit
fish
cat
dog

2）删除列表元素

pets = ['dog','cat','fish','rabbit','cat']
print(pets)
while 'cat' in pets:
    pets.remove('cat')
print(pets)

[‘dog’, ‘cat’, ‘fish’, ‘rabbit’, ‘cat’]
[‘dog’, ‘fish’, ‘rabbit’]