http://www.cnblogs.com/lifexy/p/7603327.html
如果我们的系统用GUI(图形界面接口),这是LCD设备驱动程序就应该编写成frambuffer接口,而不是像之前那样只编写操作底层的LCD控制器接口。
什么是frambuffer设备?
frambuffer设备层是对图像设备的一种抽象,它代表了视频硬件的帧缓存,使得应用程序通过定义好的接口就可以访问硬件。所以应用程序不需要考虑底层的(寄存器级)的操作。应用程序对设备文件的访问一般在/dev目录,如/dev/fb*。
内核的frambuffer在drivers/video/fbmem.c(fb:frame buffer)
1、我们进入fbmem.c找到它的入口函数:
fbmem_init(void)
{
create_proc_read_entry("fb", 0, NULL, fbmem_read_proc, NULL);
if (register_chrdev(FB_MAJOR,"fb",&fb_fops)) //(1)创建字符设备
printk("unable to get major %d for fb devs\n", FB_MAJOR);
fb_class = class_create(THIS_MODULE, "graphics"); //创建类
if (IS_ERR(fb_class)) {
printk(KERN_WARNING "Unable to create fb class; errno = %ld\n", PTR_ERR(fb_class));
fb_class = NULL;
}
return 0;
}
(1)创建字符设备"fb",FB_MAJOR=29,主设备号为29,使用命令cat /proc/devices找到这个字符设备
和我们之前的驱动程序一样,但是没有创建设备节点,为什么?
因为需要注册了LCD驱动后,才会有设备节点,所以这里的代码没有,后面分析哪里有。
2、我们来看看注册的file_operations结构体fb_ops的.open函数和.read函数,应用层是如何打开驱动,读取驱动数据
2.1 fb_open函数如下:
fb_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int fbidx = iminor(inode); //获取设备节点的次设备号
struct fb_info *info; //定义fb_info结构体
int res = 0;
if (fbidx >= FB_MAX)
return -ENODEV;
#ifdef CONFIG_KMOD
if (!(info = registered_fb[fbidx])) //(1)获取此设备的LCD驱动信息
try_to_load(fbidx);
#endif /* CONFIG_KMOD */
if (!(info = registered_fb[fbidx]))
return -ENODEV;
if (!try_module_get(info->fbops->owner))
return -ENODEV;
file->private_data = info;
if (info->fbops->fb_open) { //调用register_fb[fbidx]->fbops->fb_open
res = info->fbops->fb_open(info,1);
if (res)
module_put(info->fbops->owner);
}
return res;
}
(1)register_fb[fbidx]这个数组也是fb_info结构体,其中fbidx等于次设备号id,显然这个数组就是保存我们各个LCD驱动的信息。
2.2 fb_read函数如下:
fb_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
unsigned long p = *ppos;
struct inode *inode = file->f_path.dentry->d_inode;
int fbidx = iminor(inode); //获取设备号
struct fb_info *info = registered_fb[fbidx]; //获取设备号的lcd驱动信息
u32 *buffer, *dst;
u32 __iomem *src;
int c, i, cnt = 0, err = 0;
unsigned long total_size;
if (!info || ! info->screen_base)
return -ENODEV;
if (info->state != FBINFO_STATE_RUNNING)
return -EPERM;
if (info->fbops->fb_read)
return info->fbops->fb_read(info, buf, count, ppos);
total_size = info->screen_size; //获取屏幕长度
if (total_size == 0)
total_size = info->fix.smem_len;
if (p >= total_size)
return 0;
if (count >= total_size)
count = total_size;
if (count + p > total_size)
count = total_size - p;
buffer = kmalloc((count > PAGE_SIZE) ? PAGE_SIZE : count, //分配缓冲区
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!buffer)
return -ENOMEM;
src = (u32 __iomem *) (info->screen_base + p); //获得显存物理地址
if (info->fbops->fb_sync)
info->fbops->fb_sync(info);
while (count) {
c = (count > PAGE_SIZE) ? PAGE_SIZE : count; //获得页地址
dst = buffer;
for (i = c >> 2; i--; )
*dst++ = fb_readl(src++); //读取显存每个像素点数据,放到dst地址上
if (c & 3) {
u8 *dst8 = (u8 *) dst;
u8 __iomem *src8 = (u8 __iomem *) src;
for (i = c & 3; i--;)
*dst8++ = fb_readb(src8++);
src = (u32 __iomem *) src8;
}
if (copy_to_user(buf, buffer, c)) { //上传数据,长度等于页地址大小
err = -EFAULT;
break;
}
*ppos += c;
buf += c;
cnt += c;
count -= c;
}
kfree(buffer);
return (err) ? err : cnt;
}
从.open和.write函数中可以发现,都依赖于fb_info帧缓冲信息结构体,它从registed_fb[index]数组中得到,这个数组保存我们各个lcd驱动的信息。
3、我们来找找这个数组在哪里被注册,位于register_frambuffer():
int
register_framebuffer(struct fb_info *fb_info)
{
int i;
struct fb_event event;
struct fb_videomode mode;
if (num_registered_fb == FB_MAX)
return -ENXIO;
num_registered_fb++;
for (i = 0 ; i < FB_MAX; i++) //查找空的数组
if (!registered_fb[i])
break;
fb_info->node = i;
//创建设备节点,名称为fbi,主设备号为29,次设备号为i
fb_info->dev = device_create(fb_class, fb_info->device,
MKDEV(FB_MAJOR, i), "fb%d", i);
if (IS_ERR(fb_info->dev)) {
/* Not fatal */
printk(KERN_WARNING "Unable to create device for framebuffer %d; errno = %ld\n", i, PTR_ERR(fb_info->dev));
fb_info->dev = NULL;
} else
fb_init_device(fb_info);
if (fb_info->pixmap.addr == NULL) {
fb_info->pixmap.addr = kmalloc(FBPIXMAPSIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
if (fb_info->pixmap.addr) {
fb_info->pixmap.size = FBPIXMAPSIZE;
fb_info->pixmap.buf_align = 1;
fb_info->pixmap.scan_align = 1;
fb_info->pixmap.access_align = 32;
fb_info->pixmap.flags = FB_PIXMAP_DEFAULT;
}
}
fb_info->pixmap.offset = 0;
if (!fb_info->pixmap.blit_x)
fb_info->pixmap.blit_x = ~(u32)0;
if (!fb_info->pixmap.blit_y)
fb_info->pixmap.blit_y = ~(u32)0;
if (!fb_info->modelist.prev || !fb_info->modelist.next)
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fb_info->modelist);
fb_var_to_videomode(&mode, &fb_info->var);
fb_add_videomode(&mode, &fb_info->modelist);
registered_fb[i] = fb_info;
event.info = fb_info;
fb_notifier_call_chain(FB_EVENT_FB_REGISTERED, &event);
return 0;
}
得出这个register_frambuffer()除了注册fb_info,还创建了设备节点。
所以要注册驱动时就调用这个,如下图所示
4、我们来看看/dirvers/video/s3c2410fb.c中又是怎么实现驱动的
4.1 先找到入口和出口函数:
int __devinit s3c2410fb_init(void)
{
return platform_driver_register(&s3c2410fb_driver);
}
static void __exit s3c2410fb_cleanup(void)
{
platform_driver_unregister(&s3c2410fb_driver);
}
发现是注册、注销设备平台drv
4.2 来查看s3c2410fb_driver 如何定义的
static struct platform_driver s3c2410fb_driver = {
.probe = s3c2410fb_probe,
.remove = s3c2410fb_remove,
.suspend = s3c2410fb_suspend,
.resume = s3c2410fb_resume,
.driver = {
.name = "s3c2410-lcd",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
};
和我们上节分析的platform机制一样,当与设备匹配成功,就会进入probe函数,初始化驱动设备。
4.3 来看看.probe函数,如何实现驱动的
static int __init s3c2410fb_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
struct s3c2410fb_info *info;
struct fb_info *fbinfo;
struct s3c2410fb_hw *mregs;
int ret;
int irq;
int i;
u32 lcdcon1;
mach_info = pdev->dev.platform_data; //获取LCD设备信息(长度、类型等)
if (mach_info == NULL) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev,"no platform data for lcd, cannot attach\n");
return -EINVAL;
}
mregs = &mach_info->regs;
irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0);
if (irq < 0) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "no irq for device\n");
return -ENOENT;
}
fbinfo = framebuffer_alloc(sizeof(struct s3c2410fb_info), &pdev->dev);//1、分配一个fb_info结构体
if (!fbinfo) {
return -ENOMEM;
}
//2、设置fb_info
info = fbinfo->par;
info->fb = fbinfo;
info->dev = &pdev->dev;
platform_set_drvdata(pdev, fbinfo);
dprintk("devinit\n");
strcpy(fbinfo->fix.id, driver_name);
memcpy(&info->regs, &mach_info->regs, sizeof(info->regs));
/* Stop the video and unset ENVID if set */
info->regs.lcdcon1 &= ~S3C2410_LCDCON1_ENVID;
lcdcon1 = readl(S3C2410_LCDCON1);
writel(lcdcon1 & ~S3C2410_LCDCON1_ENVID, S3C2410_LCDCON1);
info->mach_info = pdev->dev.platform_data;
fbinfo->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS;
fbinfo->fix.type_aux = 0;
fbinfo->fix.xpanstep = 0;
fbinfo->fix.ypanstep = 0;
fbinfo->fix.ywrapstep = 0;
fbinfo->fix.accel = FB_ACCEL_NONE;
fbinfo->var.nonstd = 0;
fbinfo->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW;
fbinfo->var.height = mach_info->height;
fbinfo->var.width = mach_info->width;
fbinfo->var.accel_flags = 0;
fbinfo->var.vmode = FB_VMODE_NONINTERLACED;
fbinfo->fbops = &s3c2410fb_ops;
fbinfo->flags = FBINFO_FLAG_DEFAULT;
fbinfo->pseudo_palette = &info->pseudo_pal;
fbinfo->var.xres = mach_info->xres.defval;
fbinfo->var.xres_virtual = mach_info->xres.defval;
fbinfo->var.yres = mach_info->yres.defval;
fbinfo->var.yres_virtual = mach_info->yres.defval;
fbinfo->var.bits_per_pixel = mach_info->bpp.defval;
fbinfo->var.upper_margin = S3C2410_LCDCON2_GET_VBPD(mregs->lcdcon2) + 1;
fbinfo->var.lower_margin = S3C2410_LCDCON2_GET_VFPD(mregs->lcdcon2) + 1;
fbinfo->var.vsync_len = S3C2410_LCDCON2_GET_VSPW(mregs->lcdcon2) + 1;
fbinfo->var.left_margin = S3C2410_LCDCON3_GET_HFPD(mregs->lcdcon3) + 1;
fbinfo->var.right_margin = S3C2410_LCDCON3_GET_HBPD(mregs->lcdcon3) + 1;
fbinfo->var.hsync_len = S3C2410_LCDCON4_GET_HSPW(mregs->lcdcon4) + 1;
fbinfo->var.red.offset = 11;
fbinfo->var.green.offset = 5;
fbinfo->var.blue.offset = 0;
fbinfo->var.transp.offset = 0;
fbinfo->var.red.length = 5;
fbinfo->var.green.length = 6;
fbinfo->var.blue.length = 5;
fbinfo->var.transp.length = 0;
fbinfo->fix.smem_len = mach_info->xres.max *
mach_info->yres.max *
mach_info->bpp.max / 8;
for (i = 0; i < 256; i++)
info->palette_buffer[i] = PALETTE_BUFF_CLEAR;
if (!request_mem_region((unsigned long)S3C24XX_VA_LCD, SZ_1M, "s3c2410-lcd")) {
ret = -EBUSY;
goto dealloc_fb;
}
dprintk("got LCD region\n");
//3、硬件相关的操作,设置中断,LCD时钟频率,显存地址,配置银奖
ret = request_irq(irq, s3c2410fb_irq, IRQF_DISABLED, pdev->name, info);
if (ret) {
dev_err(&pdev->dev, "cannot get irq %d - err %d\n", irq, ret);
ret = -EBUSY;
goto release_mem;
}
info->clk = clk_get(NULL, "lcd"); //获取时钟
if (!info->clk || IS_ERR(info->clk)) {
printk(KERN_ERR "failed to get lcd clock source\n");
ret = -ENOENT;
goto release_irq;
}
clk_enable(info->clk); //使能时钟
dprintk("got and enabled clock\n");
msleep(1);
/* Initialize video memory */
ret = s3c2410fb_map_video_memory(info); //显存地址
if (ret) {
printk( KERN_ERR "Failed to allocate video RAM: %d\n", ret);
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto release_clock;
}
dprintk("got video memory\n");
ret = s3c2410fb_init_registers(info); //设置寄存器,配置引脚
ret = s3c2410fb_check_var(&fbinfo->var, fbinfo);
ret = register_framebuffer(fbinfo); //4、注册一个fb_info结构体
if (ret < 0) {
printk(KERN_ERR "Failed to register framebuffer device: %d\n", ret);
goto free_video_memory;
}
/* create device files */
device_create_file(&pdev->dev, &dev_attr_debug);
printk(KERN_INFO "fb%d: %s frame buffer device\n",
fbinfo->node, fbinfo->fix.id);
return 0;
free_video_memory:
s3c2410fb_unmap_video_memory(info);
release_clock:
clk_disable(info->clk);
clk_put(info->clk);
release_irq:
free_irq(irq,info);
release_mem:
release_mem_region((unsigned long)S3C24XX_VA_LCD, S3C24XX_SZ_LCD);
dealloc_fb:
framebuffer_release(fbinfo);
return ret;
}
4.4 显然要写个LCD驱动程序,需要以下4步:
1)分配一个fb_info结构体:framebuffer_alloc();
2)设置fb_info;
3)硬件相关操作(设置中断,LCD时钟频率,显存地址,配置引脚… …)
4)注册fb_info:register_frambuffer()