C++深度解析 完整的复数类 --- 操作符重载（30）

C++深度解析 完整的复数类 --- 操作符重载（30）

 

 

 

利用操作符重载

• 统一复数与实数的运算方式
• 统一复数与实数的比较方式

    Complex operator + (const Complex& c);
    Complex operator - (const Complex& c);
    Complex operator * (const Complex& c);
    Complex operator / (const Complex& c);
    
    bool operator == (const Complex& c);
    bool operator != (const Complex& c);
    
    Complex& operator = (const Complex& c);

示例程序：（复数类的实现）

Complex.h：

//预处理的宏
#ifndef _COMPLEX_H_
#define _COMPLEX_H_

class Complex
{
    double a; //实部
    double b; //虚部

public:
    Complex(double a = 0, double b = 0);
    double getA();
    double getB();
    double getModules(); //求模
    
    Complex operator + (const Complex& c);
    Complex operator - (const Complex& c);
    Complex operator * (const Complex& c);
    Complex operator / (const Complex& c);

    bool operator == (const Complex& c);
    bool operator != (const Complex& c);
    
    Complex& operator = (const Complex& c);
};

#endif

Complex.cpp：

#include "Complex.h"
#include "math.h"

Complex::Complex(double a, double b)
{
    this->a = a;
    this->b = b;
}

double Complex::getA()
{
    return a;
}

double Complex::getB()
{
    return b;
}

double Complex::getModules()
{
    return sqrt(a * a + b * b);
}

Complex Complex::operator + (const Complex& c)
{
    double na = a + c.a;
    double nb = b + c.b;
    Complex ret(na, nb);
    
    return ret;
}

Complex Complex::operator - (const Complex& c)
{
    double na = a - c.a;
    double nb = b - c.b;
    Complex ret(na, nb);
    
    return ret;
}

Complex Complex::operator * (const Complex& c)
{
    double na = a * c.a - b * c.b;
    double nb = a * c.b + b * c.a;
    Complex ret(na, nb);
    
    return ret;
}

Complex Complex::operator / (const Complex& c)
{
    double cm = c.a * c.a + c.b * c.b;
    double na = (a * c.a + b * c.b) / cm;
    double nb = (b * c.a - a * c.b) / cm;
    Complex ret(na, nb);
    
    return ret;
}

bool Complex::operator == (const Complex& c)
{
    //实部和虚部对应相等
    return (a == c.a) && (b == c.b);
}

bool Complex::operator != (const Complex& c)
{
    //比较当前的对象和需要比较的对象，是否相等
    return !(*this == c);
}

//赋值操作符的重载
Complex& Complex::operator = (const Complex& c)
{
    //判断是否同一个对象
    if (this != &c)
    {
        a = c.a;
        b = c.b;
    }
    
    //返回当前对象
    return *this;
}

test.cpp：

#include <stdio.h>
#include "Complex.h"

int main()
{
    Complex c1(1, 2);
    Complex c2(3, 6);
    Complex c3 = c2 - c1;
    Complex c4 = c1 * c3;
    Complex c5 = c2 /c1;
    
    printf("c3.a = %f, c3.b = %f\n", c3.getA(), c3.getB());
    printf("c4.a = %f, c4.b = %f\n", c4.getA(), c4.getB());
    printf("c5.a = %f, c5.b = %f\n", c5.getA(), c5.getB());
    
    Complex c6(2, 4);
    printf("c3 == c6 : %d\n", c3 == c6);
    printf("c3 != c4 : %d\n", c3 != c4);
    
    //先将c2的值赋给c3，将c1的值赋给c3
    (c3 = c2) = c1;
    
    printf("c1.a = %f, c1.b = %f\n", c1.getA(), c1.getB());
    printf("c2.a = %f, c2.b = %f\n", c2.getA(), c2.getB());
    printf("c3.a = %f, c3.b = %f\n", c3.getA(), c3.getB());
    
    return 0;
}

结果如下：

 

 

 

注意事项

C++规定赋值操作符（=）只能重载为成员函数

操作符重载不能改变原操作符的优先级

操作符重载不能改变操作数的个数

操作符重载不应改变操作符的原有语义

 

 

 

小结

复数的概念可以通过自定义类实现

复数中的运算操作可以通过操作符重载实现

赋值操作符只能通过成员函数实现

操作符重载的本质为函数定义，来扩展已有的系统功能。