JMS（Java消息服务）简单示例

1. Java消息服务指的是两个应用程序之间进行异步通信的API，它为标准消息协议和消息服务提供了一组通用接口，包括创建、发送、读取消息等，用于支持JAVA应用程序开发。在J2EE中，当两个应用程序使用JMS进行通信时，它们之间并不是直接相连的，而是通过一个共同的消息收发服务连接起来，可以达到解耦的效果，我们将会在接下来的教程中详细介绍。
2. 点对点消息传送模型
   1. 应用程序由消息队列，发送者，接受者组成，每一个消息发送给一个特殊的消息队列，该队列保存了所有发送给它的消息(除了被接收者消费掉的和过期的消息)。
   2. 点对点消息模型有以下的特性
      1. 每个消息只有一个接收者
      2. 消息发送者和接收者没有时间依赖性
      3. 当消息发送者发送消息的时候，无论接收者程序在不在运行，都能接收消息
      4. 当接收者收到消息的时候，会发送确认收到通知
      5. 
         

3. 发布/订阅消息传递模型
   1. 在发布/订阅消息模型中，发布者发布一个消息，该消息通过topic传递给所有的客户端。在这种模型中，发布者和订阅者彼此不知道对方，是匿名的且可以动态发布和订阅topic。topic主要用于保存和传递消息，且会一直保存消息直到消息被传递给客户端。
   2. 发布/订阅消息模型特性如下
      1. 一个消息可以传送给多个订阅者
      2. 发布者和接收者有时间依赖性，只有当客户端创建订阅后才能接收消息，而订阅者需一直保持活跃状态以接收消息
      3. 为了缓和这种严格的相关性，JMS允许订阅者创建一个可持久化的订阅，这样即使订阅者没有被激活运行，它也能接收到发布者的消息

 

4. 接收消息
   1. 在JMS中，消息的接收可以可以用两种方式
      1. 同步：使用同步接收消息的方式，消息订阅者可以调用receive()方法，在receive()中，消息未到达或在到达时间之前，方法会一直阻塞，直到消息可用
      2. 异步：使用异步接收消息的方式，消息订阅者需注册一个消息监听器，类似于事件监听器，只要消息到达，JMS服务提供者会通过调用调用监听器的onMessage()递送消息
5. JMS编程接口

6. 开发P2p消息传送模型实例
   1. 下载ActiveMQ, http://archive.apache.org/dist/activemq/5.14.3/
   2. 解压，找到bin目录下的activemq.bat文件，双击启动，启动完成后，在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8161访问
   3. 初始化后登录的用户名和密码都为admin
   4. 配置tomcat服务器，在conf目录下的context.xml文件中添加如下内容

   5. <Resource name="queue/connectionFactory"                    auth="Container"                    type="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory"                  description="JMS Connection Factory"                  factory="org.apache.activemq.jndi.JNDIReferenceFactory"                  brokerURL="tcp://localhost:61616"                  brokerName="LocalActiveMQBroker" />                    <Resource name="queue/queue0"                    auth="Container"                    type="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQQueue"                  description="My Queue"                  factory="org.apache.activemq.jndi.JNDIReferenceFactory"                  physicalName="TomcatQueue" />

 

6. 创建一个maven动态web项目
7. 导入依赖

8. <dependency>     <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId>     <artifactId>activemq-all</artifactId>     <version>5.14.3</version> </dependency>

9. 创建消息发送者servlet

10. package com.hand.jms.servlet;   import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter;   import javax.jms.DeliveryMode; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Queue; import javax.jms.QueueConnection; import javax.jms.QueueConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.QueueSender; import javax.jms.QueueSession; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; import javax.naming.InitialContext; import javax.naming.NamingException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;   /**  * Servlet implementation class Send  */ @WebServlet public class Send extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;            /**      * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()      */     public Send() {         super();         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub     }   /**  * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub   PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); try { //创建初始化上下文 InitialContext context = new InitialContext();   //获取queue对象 Queue queue = (Queue) context.lookup("java:comp/env/queue/queue0");   //获取队列连接工厂 QueueConnectionFactory conFactory = (QueueConnectionFactory) context.lookup("java:comp/env/queue/connectionFactory");   //创建一个队列连接 QueueConnection queConn = (QueueConnection) conFactory.createConnection();   //创建一个队列会话 QueueSession queSession = queConn.createQueueSession(false, Session.DUPS_OK_ACKNOWLEDGE);   //创建一个会话的发送者(设置传递模式) QueueSender sender = queSession.createSender(queue); sender.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);   //创建消息 TextMessage message = queSession.createTextMessage("Hello World");   //发送消息 sender.send(message);   //反馈结果 out.write("Message Sent: "+message.getText());   //关闭队列连接 queConn.close();   } catch (NamingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }   /**  * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub doGet(request, response); }   }

 

11. 创建消息接收者servlet

12. package com.hand.jms.servlet;   import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter;   import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Queue; import javax.jms.QueueConnection; import javax.jms.QueueConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.QueueReceiver; import javax.jms.QueueSession; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; import javax.naming.InitialContext; import javax.naming.NamingException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;   /**  * Servlet implementation class Receive  */ public class Receive extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;            /**      * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()      */     public Receive() {         super();         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub     }   /**  * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();   try { //获取初始化上下文 InitialContext context = new InitialContext();   //获取队列 Queue queue = (Queue) context.lookup("java:comp/env/queue/queue0");   //获取队列连接工厂 QueueConnectionFactory conFactory = (QueueConnectionFactory) context.lookup("java:comp/env/queue/connectionFactory");   //获取队列连接 QueueConnection queConn = conFactory.createQueueConnection();   //创建会话 QueueSession queSession = queConn.createQueueSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);     //创建接收者 QueueReceiver receiver = queSession.createReceiver(queue);   //开始连接 queConn.start();   //获取消息 TextMessage message = (TextMessage) receiver.receive();   //反馈 out.write("Message Received: "+message.getText());   //关闭连接 queConn.close();   } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NamingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }     }   /**  * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub doGet(request, response); }   }

13. 启动tomcat服务器，在浏览器中输入超链接：http://localhost:8080/JMS_Test/Send， 发送消息
14. 打开http://localhost:8161/admin/queues.jsp，查看消息
15. 在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/JMS_Test/Receive，接收消息
16. 打开http://localhost:8161/admin/queues.jsp，查看消息，刚才发送的消息已经不见了
17. 此时一个消息的发送和接收已经完毕了，实现了P2P（点到点）的消息发送

7. 开发 发布/订阅 消息传送模型实例
   1. 配置tomcat服务器 conf/context.xml文件

   2. <Resource name="topic/connectionFactory" auth="Container"         type="org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory" description="JMS Connection Factory"         factory="org.apache.activemq.jndi.JNDIReferenceFactory"         brokerURL="failover:(tcp://localhost:61616)?initialReconnectDelay=100&amp;maxReconnectAttempts=5"         brokerName="LocalActiveMQBroker" useEmbeddedBroker="false" />             <Resource name="topic/topic0"         auth="Container"         type="org.apache.activemq.command.ActiveMQTopic" description="My Topic" factory="org.apache.activemq.jndi.JNDIReferenceFactory"         physicalName="TestTopic" />

   3. 创建发布者servlet

   4. package com.hand.jms.servlet;   import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter;   import javax.jms.DeliveryMode; import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; import javax.jms.Topic; import javax.jms.TopicConnection; import javax.jms.TopicConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.TopicPublisher; import javax.jms.TopicSession; import javax.naming.InitialContext; import javax.naming.NamingException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;   /**  * Servlet implementation class Publisher  */ public class Publisher extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;            /**      * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()      */     public Publisher() {         super();         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub     }   /**  * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();   try { //创建初始化上下文 InitialContext context = new InitialContext();   //获取Topic Topic topic = (Topic) context.lookup("java:comp/env/topic/topic0");   //获取topic连接工厂 TopicConnectionFactory conFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) context.lookup("java:comp/env/topic/connectionFactory");   //创建topic连接 TopicConnection conn = conFactory.createTopicConnection();   //创建topic会话 TopicSession session = conn.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);   //创建消息发布者 TopicPublisher publisher = session.createPublisher(topic); publisher.setDeliveryMode(DeliveryMode.NON_PERSISTENT);   //创建需要发布的消息 TextMessage message = session.createTextMessage(); message.setText("Hello World");   //发布消息 publisher.publish(message);   //关闭连接 out.write("Message published: "+message.getText());   conn.close();   } catch (NamingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (JMSException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }   /**  * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub doGet(request, response); }   }

   5. 创建订阅者servlet

   6. package com.hand.jms.servlet;   import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter;   import javax.jms.JMSException; import javax.jms.Session; import javax.jms.TextMessage; import javax.jms.Topic; import javax.jms.TopicConnection; import javax.jms.TopicConnectionFactory; import javax.jms.TopicSession; import javax.jms.TopicSubscriber; import javax.naming.InitialContext; import javax.naming.NamingException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;   /**  * Servlet implementation class Subscriber  */ public class Subscriber extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;            /**      * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()      */     public Subscriber() {         super();         // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub     }   /**  * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  */ protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();   try { //初始化上下文 InitialContext context = new InitialContext();   //获取topic Topic topic = (Topic) context.lookup("java:comp/env/topic/topic0");   //获取topic连接工厂 TopicConnectionFactory connFactory = (TopicConnectionFactory) context.lookup("java:comp/env/topic/connectionFactory");   //创建连接 TopicConnection connection = connFactory.createTopicConnection();   //创建会话 TopicSession session = connection.createTopicSession(false, Session.AUTO_ACKNOWLEDGE);   //创建订阅 TopicSubscriber subscriber = session.createSubscriber(topic);   //开启连接 connection.start();   //接收消息 TextMessage message = (TextMessage) subscriber.receive();   //反馈信息 out.write("Message received: "+message.getText());   //关闭连接 connection.close();   } catch (NamingException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (JMSException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); }     }   /**  * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)  */ protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { // TODO Auto-generated method stub doGet(request, response); }   }

   7. 浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/JMS_Test/Subscriber，查看订阅的消息，此时消息没有被发布，订阅者处于阻塞状态
   8. 浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/JMS_Test/Publisher， 发布消息，此时不论有多少个订阅者在等待消息，都会立即收到消息
   9. 到此位置，一个 发布/订阅 消息发送模式的简单实例开发完毕