大话设计模式-观察者模式学习总结

一、概念

观察者模式定义了一种一对多的依赖关系,让多个观察者对象同时监听某个主题对象。这个主题对象在自身的状态发生改变时则会通知所有观察者对象,让它们能更新自身的状态。因为这个特点又名:发布-订阅模式。

二、类图及基本代码

//抽象主题类
public abstract class Subject {
    private List<Observer> observers=new ArrayList<>();
    //添加观察者
    public void Attach(Observer observer){
        observers.add(observer);
    }
    //移除观察者
    public void Detach(Observer observer){
        observers.remove(observer);
    }
    //通知
    public void Notify(){
        //主题发出通知后,订阅该主题的观察者们开始更新自身状态
        for (Observer observer : observers) {
            observer.Update();
        }
    }

}

//抽象观察者
public abstract class Observer {
    public abstract void Update();//更新状态
}

//具体主题
public class ConcreteSubject extends Subject{
    //主题状态
    private String subjectState;

    public String getSubjectState() {
        return subjectState;
    }

    public void setSubjectState(String subjectState) {
        this.subjectState = subjectState;
    }


}

//具体观察者
public class ConcreteObserver extends Observer {
    private String observerState;
    private String name;
    private ConcreteSubject concreteSubject;

    public ConcreteObserver(ConcreteSubject subject, String name) {
        this.name = name;
        this.concreteSubject = subject;
    }

    @Override
    public void Update() {
             //得到所订阅的主题的状态,然后根据该状态来进行自己的状态更新
        observerState = concreteSubject.getSubjectState();
        System.out.println("观察者  "+ name +"现在状态为:   "+observerState);
    }

    public ConcreteSubject getConcreteSubject() {
        return concreteSubject;
    }

    public void setConcreteSubject(ConcreteSubject concreteSubject) {
        this.concreteSubject = concreteSubject;
    }

}

//客户端
public class Show {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ConcreteSubject subject=new ConcreteSubject();
        subject.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(subject, "X"));
        subject.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(subject, "Y"));
        subject.Attach(new ConcreteObserver(subject, "Z"));
        subject.setSubjectState("ABC");
        subject.Notify();
    }
}

结果:

三、实例之老板回公司

//主题接口
public interface Subject {
    void Attach(Observer observer);
    void Detach(Observer observer);
    void Notify();
    String getAction();
    void setAction(String action);
}

//老板---具体主题
public class Boss implements Subject {
    private String action;
    private List<Observer> observers = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    public void Attach(Observer observer) {
        observers.add(observer);
    }

    @Override
    public void Detach(Observer observer) {
        observers.remove(observer);
    }

    @Override
    public void Notify() {
        for (Observer observer : observers) {
            observer.Update();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String getAction() {
        return action;
    }

    @Override
    public void setAction(String action) {
        this.action = action;
    }

}

//抽象观察者
public abstract class Observer {
    protected String name;
    protected Subject subject;

    public Observer(String name,Subject subject){
        this.name=name;
        this.subject=subject;
    }

    public abstract void Update();

}

//看球赛的职员---具体观察者
class NBAObserver extends Observer{

    public NBAObserver(String name, Subject subject) {
        super(name, subject);
    }

    @Override
    public void Update() {
        System.out.println(subject.getAction()+name+"关闭NBA直播,继续工作");
    }

}

//看股票的职员---具体观察者
public class StockObserver extends Observer{

    public StockObserver(String name, Subject subject) {
        super(name, subject);
    }

    @Override
    public void Update() {
        System.out.println(subject.getAction()+name+"关闭股票行情继续工作");
    }

}

//客户端
public class Show {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Boss boss=new Boss();
        StockObserver stockObserver=new StockObserver("小A", boss);
        NBAObserver nbaObserver=new NBAObserver("小B", boss);
        boss.Attach(stockObserver);
        boss.Attach(nbaObserver);
        boss.Detach(stockObserver);//小A没有接收到通知
        boss.setAction("Boss回来了");
        boss.Notify();
    }

}

结果:

四、总结

(1)、观察者模式适用于一个主题对象的改变要同时改变其他观察者对象，且不知道具体有多少个观察者对象要改变状态。
Never frown, even when you are sad, because you never know who is falling in love with your smile.