lua _G

(1) _G

第一个例子：

a = 5

print(_G.a) --5

第二个例子：

_G.a = 4

print(a) --4

第三个例子：

a = 3

_G = nil

print(a) --3

第四个例子：

a = 2
_G.a=5
print(a) --5

查看lua官方文档：

_G: A global variable (not a function) that holds the global environment (see §2.2). 

Lua itself does not use this variable; changing its value does not affect any environment, nor vice-versa.

我们再看lua2.2节：

As will be discussed in §3.2 and §3.3.3, any reference to a global name var is syntactically translated to _ENV.var. 

Moreover, every chunk is compiled in the scope of an external local variable called _ENV (see §3.3.2), so _ENV itself is never a global name in a chunk.