Java 设计模式--状态模式

本设计模式资料源于慕课网,讲师:Geely 《Java设计模式精讲 Debug方式+内存分析》，本人作为自己手打整理作为学习的归纳总结。

一，模式介绍

1，定义和类型

• 定义：允许一个对象在其内部状态改变时，改变他的行为
• 类型：行为型

2，适用场景

• 一个对象存在多种状态（不同状态下行为不同），且状态可相互切换

3，优点

• 将不同的状态隔离
• 把各种状态的转换逻辑，分布到State的子类中，减少相互间依赖

4，缺点

• 状态多的业务场景导致类数目增加，系统变复杂

5，相关设计模式

• 状态模式和享元模式

二，代码演示

• 业务场景
  实现播放器的播放，暂停，停止和加速等状态
  定义初始状态类

package com.try1.design.behavioral.state;

public class CourseVideoContext {
    private CourseVideoState courseVideoState;

    public final static PlayState PLAY_STATE=new PlayState();
    public final static PauseState PAUSE_STATE=new PauseState();
    public final static SpeedState SPEED_STATE=new SpeedState();
    public final static StopState STOP_STATE=new StopState();

    public CourseVideoState getCourseVideoState(){
        return courseVideoState;
    }

    public void setCourseVideoState(CourseVideoState courseVideoState) {
        this.courseVideoState = courseVideoState;
        this.courseVideoState.setCourseVideoContext(this);
    }
    public void play(){
        this.courseVideoState.play();
    }
    public void speed(){
        this.courseVideoState.speed();
    }
    public void stop(){
        this.courseVideoState.stop();
    }
    public void pause(){
        this.courseVideoState.pause();
    }
}

定义状态的抽象类

package com.try1.design.behavioral.state;

public abstract class CourseVideoState {
    protected CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext;

    public void setCourseVideoContext(CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext) {
        this.courseVideoContext = courseVideoContext;
    }
    public abstract void play();
    public abstract void speed();
    public abstract void pause();
    public abstract void stop();
}

播放状态继承类

package com.try1.design.behavioral.state;

public class PlayState extends CourseVideoState {
    @Override
    public void play() {
        System.out.println("正常播放视频状态");
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(courseVideoContext.SPEED_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void pause() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(courseVideoContext.PAUSE_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(courseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
    }
}

暂停状态继承类

package com.try1.design.behavioral.state;

public class PauseState extends CourseVideoState{
    @Override
    public void play() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(courseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(courseVideoContext.SPEED_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void pause() {
        System.out.println("正常暂停视频状态");
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(courseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
    }
}

停止状态继承类

package com.try1.design.behavioral.state;

public class StopState extends CourseVideoState{
    @Override
    public void play() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(courseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {
        System.out.println("ERROR,停止状态不能快进！！");
    }

    @Override
    public void pause() {
        System.out.println("ERROR,停止状态不能暂停！！");
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        System.out.println("停止播放视频状态");
    }
}

加速状态继承类

package com.try1.design.behavioral.state;

public class SpeedState extends CourseVideoState  {
    @Override
    public void play() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(courseVideoContext.PLAY_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void speed() {
        System.out.println("正常快进状态");
    }

    @Override
    public void pause() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(courseVideoContext.PAUSE_STATE);
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        super.courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(courseVideoContext.STOP_STATE);
    }
}

测试类

package com.try1.design.behavioral.state;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CourseVideoContext courseVideoContext=new CourseVideoContext();
        courseVideoContext.setCourseVideoState(new PlayState());
        System.out.println("当前状态："+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());

        courseVideoContext.pause();
        System.out.println("当前状态："+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());

        courseVideoContext.speed();
        System.out.println("当前状态："+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());

        courseVideoContext.stop();
        System.out.println("当前状态："+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());

        courseVideoContext.speed();
        System.out.println("当前状态："+courseVideoContext.getCourseVideoState().getClass().getSimpleName());


    }

}

运行截图

三，小结

• 状态模式其实可以这么来看，定义一个状态的抽象类，然后让各个状态实现状态，和变换的一些限制条件，同时在里面定义一个 context 控制类，在这个类里面同样也定义一个抽象类，再来时这个两个类都要抽象出各个状态的执行方法，这样就可实现一个作为主容器一样的控制类，另外一个则是内部的切换类。