PAT 1003 Emergency （25 分）

1003 Emergency （25 分）

As an emergency rescue team leader of a city, you are given a special map of your country. The map shows several scattered cities connected by some roads. Amount of rescue teams in each city and the length of each road between any pair of cities are marked on the map. When there is an emergency call to you from some other city, your job is to lead your men to the place as quickly as possible, and at the mean time, call up as many hands on the way as possible.

Input Specification:

Each input file contains one test case. For each test case, the first line contains 4 positive integers: N (≤500) - the number of cities (and the cities are numbered from 0 to N−1), M - the number of roads, C​1​​ and C​2​​ - the cities that you are currently in and that you must save, respectively. The next line contains N integers, where the i-th integer is the number of rescue teams in the i-th city. Then M lines follow, each describes a road with three integers c​1​​, c​2​​ and L, which are the pair of cities connected by a road and the length of that road, respectively. It is guaranteed that there exists at least one path from C​1​​ to C​2​​.

Output Specification:

For each test case, print in one line two numbers: the number of different shortest paths between C​1​​ and C​2​​, and the maximum amount of rescue teams you can possibly gather. All the numbers in a line must be separated by exactly one space, and there is no extra space allowed at the end of a line.

Sample Input:

5 6 0 2
1 2 1 5 3
0 1 1
0 2 2
0 3 1
1 2 1
2 4 1
3 4 1

Sample Output:

2 4

 

分析：
这道题考察的是Dijkstra算法。我们首先来回顾下什么是Dijkstra算法。
（以下部分解释转自博客https://www.cnblogs.com/biyeymyhjob/archive/2012/07/31/2615833.html。侵删。

Dijkstra算法

1.定义概览

Dijkstra(迪杰斯特拉)算法是典型的单源最短路径算法，用于计算一个节点到其他所有节点的最短路径。主要特点是以起始点为中心向外层层扩展，直到扩展到终点为止。Dijkstra算法是很有代表性的最短路径算法，在很多专业课程中都作为基本内容有详细的介绍，如数据结构，图论，运筹学等等。注意该算法要求图中不存在负权边。

问题描述：在无向图 G=(V,E) 中，假设每条边 E[i] 的长度为 w[i]，找到由顶点 V0 到其余各点的最短路径。（单源最短路径）

 

2.算法描述

1)算法思想：设G=(V,E)是一个带权有向图，把图中顶点集合V分成两组，第一组为已求出最短路径的顶点集合（用S表示，初始时S中只有一个源点，以后每求得一条最短路径 , 就将加入到集合S中，直到全部顶点都加入到S中，算法就结束了），第二组为其余未确定最短路径的顶点集合（用U表示），按最短路径长度的递增次序依次把第二组的顶点加入S中。在加入的过程中，总保持从源点v到S中各顶点的最短路径长度不大于从源点v到U中任何顶点的最短路径长度。此外，每个顶点对应一个距离，S中的顶点的距离就是从v到此顶点的最短路径长度，U中的顶点的距离，是从v到此顶点只包括S中的顶点为中间顶点的当前最短路径长度。

2)算法步骤：

a.初始时，S只包含源点，即S＝{v}，v的距离为0。U包含除v外的其他顶点，即:U={其余顶点}，若v与U中顶点u有边，则<u,v>正常有权值，若u不是v的出边邻接点，则<u,v>权值为∞。

b.从U中选取一个距离v最小的顶点k，把k，加入S中（该选定的距离就是v到k的最短路径长度）。

c.以k为新考虑的中间点，修改U中各顶点的距离；若从源点v到顶点u的距离（经过顶点k）比原来距离（不经过顶点k）短，则修改顶点u的距离值，修改后的距离值的顶点k的距离加上边上的权。

d.重复步骤b和c直到所有顶点都包含在S中。

 

执行动画过程如下图

 

3.算法代码实现：

代码参考http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/easy-learn-algorithm/dijkstra.html，写的非常通俗易懂。

  #include <stdio.h>
    int main()
    {
        int e[10][10],dis[10],book[10],i,j,n,m,t1,t2,t3,u,v,min;
        int inf=99999999; //用inf(infinity的缩写)存储一个我们认为的正无穷值
        //读入n和m，n表示顶点个数，m表示边的条数
        scanf("%d %d",&n,&m);

        //初始化
        for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
            for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
                if(i==j) e[i][j]=0;
                  else e[i][j]=inf;

        //读入边
        for(i=1;i<=m;i++)
        {
            scanf("%d %d %d",&t1,&t2,&t3);
            e[t1][t2]=t3;
        }
        //初始化dis数组，这里是1号顶点到其余各个顶点的初始路程
        for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
            dis[i]=e[1][i];
        //book数组初始化
        for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
            book[i]=0;
        book[1]=1;

        //Dijkstra算法核心语句
        for(i=1;i<=n-1;i++)
        {
            //找到离1号顶点最近的顶点
            min=inf;
            for(j=1;j<=n;j++)
            {
                if(book[j]==0 && dis[j]<min)
                {
                    min=dis[j];
                    u=j;
                }
            }
            book[u]=1;
            for(v=1;v<=n;v++)
            {
                if(e[u][v]<inf)
                {
                    if(dis[v]>dis[u]+e[u][v])
                        dis[v]=dis[u]+e[u][v];
                }
            }
        }

        //输出最终的结果
        for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
            printf("%d ",dis[i]);

        getchar();
        getchar();
        return 0;
    }

 

4.算法实例

先给出一个无向图

用Dijkstra算法找出以A为起点的单源最短路径步骤如下

本题代码参考柳婼大神：
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
int n, m, c1, c2;
int e[510][510], weight[510], dis[510], num[510], w[510];
bool visit[510];
const int inf = 99999999;
int main() {
    scanf("%d%d%d%d", &n, &m, &c1, &c2);
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        scanf("%d", &weight[i]);
    fill(e[0], e[0] + 510 * 510, inf);
    fill(dis, dis + 510, inf);
    int a, b, c;
    for(int i = 0; i < m; i++) {
        scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);
        e[a][b] = e[b][a] = c;
    }
    dis[c1] = 0;
    w[c1] = weight[c1];
    num[c1] = 1;
    for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        int u = -1, minn = inf;
        for(int j = 0; j < n; j++) {
            if(visit[j] == false && dis[j] < minn) {
                u = j;
                minn = dis[j];
            }
        }
        if(u == -1) break;
        visit[u] = true;
        for(int v = 0; v < n; v++) {
            if(visit[v] == false && e[u][v] != inf) {
                if(dis[u] + e[u][v] < dis[v]) {
                    dis[v] = dis[u] + e[u][v];
                    num[v] = num[u];
                    w[v] = w[u] + weight[v];
                } else if(dis[u] + e[u][v] == dis[v]) {
                    num[v] = num[v] + num[u];
                    if(w[u] + weight[v] > w[v])
                        w[v] = w[u] + weight[v];
                }
            }
        }
    }
    printf("%d %d", num[c2], w[c2]);
    return 0;
}