Flash/Flex学习笔记(22)：摩擦力与屏幕环绕

摩擦力：

假如一个物体在某个方向上沿直线运行，摩擦力会使该方向上的速度越来越小，直到停止。

上图示意了该过程，物体以moveAngle角度正向运动，最终的速度speed矢量为vx矢量与vy矢量的矢量和，在每个单位时间内的位移即Speed矢量的大小，分解到x,y轴后，即为vx与vy；加入摩擦力后，speed矢量每单位时间将减少Friction值，也就是视觉上的越来越慢。

var ball:Ball = new Ball(10);

ball.x = stage.stageWidth/2;

 
ball.y = stage.stageHeight/2;

 
addChild(ball);

Mouse.cursor = MouseCursor.BUTTON;

 
var Velocity:Number = 10;//速度最大值

 
var friction = 0.4;//摩擦力因子

stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN,MouseDownHandler);

 
stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP,MouseUpHandler);

 
function MouseDownHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{

 
graphics.clear();

 
//初始化小球位置以速度

ball.x = stage.stageWidth/2;

 
ball.y = stage.stageHeight/2;

 
ball.vx = (Math.random()*2-1) * Velocity;

 
ball.vy = (Math.random()*2-1) * Velocity;   

 
graphics.moveTo(ball.x,ball.y);

 
graphics.lineStyle(1,0xcccccc,1);

}

function MouseUpHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{ 

 
addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

 
}

function EnterFrameHandler(e:Event):void{

 
ball.x += ball.vx;

ball.y += ball.vy;

 
var speed:Number = Math.sqrt(ball.vx*ball.vx + ball.vy*ball.vy);

 
var moveAngle = Math.atan2(ball.vy,ball.vx);

 
speed -= friction;

 
//减速后的新速度

ball.vx = speed*Math.cos(moveAngle);

 
ball.vy = speed*Math.sin(moveAngle);

 
//防止减速过度，就成反向运动

 
if (speed<=friction){

 
ball.vx = 0;

 
ball.vy = 0;

 
removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

 
}   

 
graphics.lineTo(ball.x,ball.y);

 
}

上面这种方法从物理意义上讲最接近现实情况，不过有些复杂，在实际开发中还有一种更简单的办法，虽然不怎么严密，但从视觉效果上很难看出问题

 
var ball:Ball = new Ball(10);

ball.x = stage.stageWidth/2;

 
ball.y = stage.stageHeight/2;

 
addChild(ball);

Mouse.cursor = MouseCursor.BUTTON;

 
var Velocity:Number = 10;

var friction = 0.9;//摩擦力因子(小于1大于0即可)

 
stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN,MouseDownHandler);

stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP,MouseUpHandler);

 
function MouseDownHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{

 
graphics.clear();   

 
ball.x = stage.stageWidth/2;

 
ball.y = stage.stageHeight/2;

ball.vx = (Math.random()*2-1) * Velocity;

 
ball.vy = (Math.random()*2-1) * Velocity;   

 
graphics.moveTo(ball.x,ball.y);

graphics.lineStyle(1,0xcccccc,1);

 
}

function MouseUpHandler(e:MouseEvent):void{ 

 
addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

 
}

 
function EnterFrameHandler(e:Event):void{

 
ball.x += ball.vx;

 
ball.y += ball.vy;

 
ball.vx = ball.vx * friction;//直接让x轴速度不断衰减

ball.vy = ball.vy * friction;//直接让y轴速度不断衰减  

 
if (Math.abs(ball.vx)<=0.0001 || Math.abs(ball.vy)<=0.0001){

ball.vx = 0;

 
ball.vy = 0;

removeEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME,EnterFrameHandler);

}   

//trace(ball.vx);

//trace(ball.vy);

 
graphics.lineTo(ball.x,ball.y);

 
}

屏幕环绕：

这个叫法也许从字面上不太直观，说得更白一点就是：一个物体如果在运动过程中跑出了舞台边界，开发人员就要想办法让其从舞台的另一端出现，并继续运动，以保持连贯。前面的一篇文章 Flash/Flex学习笔记：运动学原理 中有一个飞船的示例，加入屏幕环绕处理后，代码如下：

package {

 
import flash.display.Sprite;

 
import flash.events.Event;

import flash.events.KeyboardEvent;

import flash.ui.Keyboard;

 
import flash.display.StageAlign;

import flash.display.StageScaleMode;

import fl.controls.Label;

 
public class ShipSim2 extends Sprite {

 
private var ship:Ship;

 
private var vr:Number=0;

private var thrust:Number=0;

 
private var vx:Number=0;

private var vy:Number=0;        

public function ShipSim2() {

init();

}

 
private function init():void {

 
stage.scaleMode=StageScaleMode.NO_SCALE;

stage.align=StageAlign.TOP_LEFT;            

 
ship = new Ship();

 
addChild(ship);

 
ship.x=stage.stageWidth/2;

ship.y=stage.stageHeight/2;

 
addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, EnterFrameHandler);

stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_DOWN, KeyDownHandler);

stage.addEventListener(KeyboardEvent.KEY_UP, KeyUpHandler);

 
}

 
private function KeyDownHandler(event:KeyboardEvent):void {

 
switch (event.keyCode) {

 
case Keyboard.LEFT :

 
vr=-5;

 
break;

case Keyboard.RIGHT :

vr=5;

 
break;

 
case Keyboard.UP :

 
thrust=0.2;

 
ship.draw(true);

 
break;

 
default :

break;

}

 
}

 
private function KeyUpHandler(event:KeyboardEvent):void {

 
vr=0;           

 
thrust=0;

 
ship.draw(false);

 
}

 
private function EnterFrameHandler(event:Event):void {

 
ship.rotation+=vr;

 
var angle:Number=ship.rotation*Math.PI/180;

var ax:Number=Math.cos(angle)*thrust;

var ay:Number=Math.sin(angle)*thrust;

 
vx+=ax;

 
vy+=ay;

 
ship.x+=vx;

 
ship.y+=vy;

 
var left:Number=0;

 
var right:Number=stage.stageWidth;

 
var top:Number=0;

 
var bottom:Number=stage.stageHeight;

//屏幕环绕处理

 
if (ship.x>right + ship.width/2) {

 
ship.x=left-ship.width/2;

 
} else if (ship.x < left - ship.width/2) {

 
ship.x=right+ship.width/2;

 
}

 
if (ship.y-ship.height/2>bottom) {

 
ship.y=top-ship.height/2;

} else if (ship.y < top - ship.height / 2) {

 
ship.y=bottom+ship.height/2;

 
}

 
}

 
}

}

最后把这二者结合起来，看下效果：