C++库学习｜dlib::matrix

关于matrix的样例学习，去繁留简，方便日后使用：http://dlib.net/matrix_ex.cpp.html <http://dlib.net/linear_algebra.html>

    // y = M*x, 求解x
    //
    //      3.5
    // y =  1.2
    //      7.8
    //
    //      54.2   7.4   12.1
    // M =  1      2     3
    //      5.9    0.05  1

    matrix<double,3,1> y;  // 编译的时候固定y的大小
    matrix<double> M(3,3); // M的大小在runtime时确定，也可以用M.set_size()之后resize
    
    // Now we need to initialize the y and M matrices and we can do so like this:
    M = 54.2,  7.4,  12.1,
        1,     2,    3,
        5.9,   0.05, 1;

    y = 3.5,  
        1.2,    
        7.8;

    // 不可以用auto定义x，像auto x = inv(M)*y; read the matrix_expressions_ex.cpp example program.
    matrix<double> x = inv(M)*y;

    cout << "x: \n" << x << endl;

    // 可以用M*x - y 是否为0反向检验，some numerical error and round off可能导致值不一定准确为0
    cout << "M*x - y: \n" << M*x - y << endl;


    // 创建run-time sized column or row vectors like so
    matrix<double,0,1> runtime_sized_column_vector;
    matrix<double,1,0> runtime_sized_row_vector;
    // 确定vector具体大小
    runtime_sized_column_vector.set_size(3);

    // 相似的，确定matrix具体大小
    x.set_size(3,4);  // x now has 3 rows and 4 columns.


    // matrix和vector里的取出元素:
    cout << M(0,1) << endl; // value 7.4. 
    cout << y(1) << endl; // value 1.2


    // 遍历M matrix，算所有元素之和
    double M_sum = 0;
    // loop over all the rows
    for (long r = 0; r < M.nr(); ++r)
    {
        // loop over all the columns
        for (long c = 0; c < M.nc(); ++c)
        {
            M_sum += M(r,c);
        }
    }
    cout << "sum of all elements in M is " << M_sum << endl;

    // 简单版算所有元素之和
    cout << "sum of all elements in M is " << sum(M) << endl;


    // ostream M:
    cout << M << endl;
    // which will print:
    //   54.2  7.4 12.1 
    //      1    2    3 
    //    5.9 0.05    1 

    // 用逗号分隔元素的ostream M:
    cout << csv << M << endl;
    // and you will instead get this as output:
    //   54.2, 7.4, 12.1
    //   1, 2, 3
    //   5.9, 0.05, 1

    // read in a matrix that uses either space, tab, or comma separated values:
    cin >> M;



    // -----------------------------  Comparison with MATLAB ------------------------------

    matrix<double> A, B, C, D, E;
    matrix<int> Aint;
    matrix<long> Blong;

    // MATLAB: A = eye(3)
    A = identity_matrix<double>(3);

    // MATLAB: B = ones(3,4)
    B = ones_matrix<double>(3,4);

    // MATLAB: B = rand(3,4)
    B = randm(3,4);

    // MATLAB: C = 1.4*A
    C = 1.4*A;

    // MATLAB: D = A.*C
    D = pointwise_multiply(A,C);

    // MATLAB: E = A * B
    E = A*B;

    // MATLAB: E = A + C
    E = A + C;

    // MATLAB: E = A + 5
    E = A + 5;

    // MATLAB: E = E'
    E = trans(E);  // Note that if you want a conjugate transpose then you need to say conj(trans(E))

    // MATLAB: E = B' * B
    E = trans(B)*B;

    double var;
    // MATLAB: var = A(1,2)
    var = A(0,1); // dlib::matrix is 0 indexed rather than starting at 1 like Matlab.

    // MATLAB: C = round(C)
    C = round(C);

    // MATLAB: C = floor(C)
    C = floor(C);

    // MATLAB: C = ceil(C)
    C = ceil(C);

    // MATLAB: C = diag(B)
    C = diag(B);

    // MATLAB: B = cast(A, "int32")
    Aint = matrix_cast<int>(A);

    // MATLAB: A = B(1,:)
    A = rowm(B,0);

    // MATLAB: A = B([1:2],:)
    A = rowm(B,range(0,1));

    // MATLAB: A = B(:,1)
    A = colm(B,0);

    // MATLAB: A = [1:5]
    Blong = range(1,5);

    // MATLAB: A = [1:2:5]
    Blong = range(1,2,5);

    // MATLAB: A = B([1:3], [1:2])
    A = subm(B, range(0,2), range(0,1));
    // or equivalently
    A = subm(B, rectangle(0,0,1,2));


    // MATLAB: A = B([1:3], [1:2:4])
    A = subm(B, range(0,2), range(0,2,3));

    // MATLAB: B(:,:) = 5
    B = 5;
    // or equivalently
    set_all_elements(B,5);


    // MATLAB: B([1:2],[1,2]) = 7
    set_subm(B,range(0,1), range(0,1)) = 7;

    // MATLAB: B([1:3],[2:3]) = A
    set_subm(B,range(0,2), range(1,2)) = A;

    // MATLAB: B(:,1) = 4
    set_colm(B,0) = 4;

    // MATLAB: B(:,[1:2]) = 4
    set_colm(B,range(0,1)) = 4;

    // MATLAB: B(:,1) = B(:,2)
    set_colm(B,0) = colm(B,1);

    // MATLAB: B(1,:) = 4
    set_rowm(B,0) = 4;

    // MATLAB: B(1,:) = B(2,:)
    set_rowm(B,0) = rowm(B,1);

    // MATLAB: var = det(E' * E)
    var = det(trans(E)*E);

    // MATLAB: C = pinv(E)
    C = pinv(E);

    // MATLAB: C = inv(E)
    C = inv(E);

    // MATLAB: [A,B,C] = svd(E)
    svd(E,A,B,C);

    // MATLAB: A = chol(E,'lower') 
    A = chol(E);

    // MATLAB: var = min(min(A))
    var = min(A);
}