Spring（3）——XML配置里的Bean自动装配

自动装配的类型

Spring IOC容器可以自动装配bean。需要做的仅仅是在<bean>的autowires属性里指定自动装配的模式

• byType（根据类型自动装配）

  • 若IOC容器中有多个目标Bean类型一致的bean。在这种情况下，Spring将无法判定哪个Bean最适合该属性，所以不能执行自动装配并抛出异常

• byName（根据名称自动装配）

  • 必须将目标Bean的名称id和属性名设置的完全相同

自动装配实例

Adderss类

package com.autowire;

public class Address {
	private String city;
	private String street;
	public String getCity() {
		return city;
	}
	public void setCity(String city) {
		this.city = city;
	}
	public String getStreet() {
		return street;
	}
	public void setStreet(String street) {
		this.street = street;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]";
	}
	
}

Car类

package com.autowire;

public class Car {
	private String brand;
	private double price;
	public String getBrand() {
		return brand;
	}
	public void setBrand(String brand) {
		this.brand = brand;
	}
	public double getPrice() {
		return price;
	}
	public void setPrice(double price) {
		this.price = price;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + "]";
	}
	
}

Person类

package com.autowire;

public class Person {
	private String name;
	private Car car;
	private Address address;
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Car getCar() {
		return car;
	}
	public void setCar(Car car) {
		this.car = car;
	}
	public Address getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(Address address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [name=" + name + ", car=" + car + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}
	
	
}

beans-autowire.xml配置文件

因为第三点抛出的异常信息如下

自动装配的缺点

• 在Bean配置文件里设置autowire属性进行自动装配将会装配Bean的所有属性。然而，若只希望装配个别属性时，autowire属性就不够灵活了
• autowire属性要么根据类型自动装配，要么根据名称自动装配，不能两者兼而有之。