Java设计模式之-外观模式

Java设计模式之-外观模式

外观模式是为了解决类与类之间的依赖关系的，像spring一样，可以将类和类之间的关系配置到配置文件中，而外观模式就是将他们的关系放在一个Facade类中，降低了类类之间的耦合度，该模式中没有涉及到接口，看下类图：（我们以一个计算机的启动过程为例）

下面请看示例代码：

public class FacadeTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        Computer computer=new Computer();
        computer.start();
        computer.shutdown();
    }

}

class CPU
{
    public void startup(){
        System.out.println("this is cpu startup");
    }
    public void shutdown(){
        System.out.println("this is cpu shutdown");
    }
}

class Memory
{
    public void startup(){
        System.out.println("this is memory startup");
    }
    public void shutdown(){
        System.out.println("this is memory shutdown");
    }
}

class Disk{
    public void startup(){
        System.out.println("this is disk startup");
    }
    public void shutdown(){
        System.out.println("this is disk shutdown");
    }
}

class Computer
{
    private CPU cpu;
    private Memory memory;
    private Disk disk;

    public Computer(){
        this.cpu=new CPU();
        this.memory=new Memory();
        this.disk=new Disk();
    }
    public void start(){
        System.out.println("start the computer");
        cpu.startup();
        memory.startup();
        disk.startup();
        System.out.println("start the computer finished");
    }
    public void shutdown(){
        System.out.println("begin to close the computer");
        cpu.shutdown();
        memory.shutdown();
        disk.shutdown();
        System.out.println("close the computer finished");
    }
}

输出结果：

start the computer
this is cpu startup
this is memory startup
this is disk startup
start the computer finished
begin to close the computer
this is cpu shutdown
this is memory shutdown
this is disk shutdown
close the computer finished

如果我们没有Computer类，那么，CPU、Memory、Disk他们之间将会相互持有实例，产生关系，这样会造成严重的依赖，修改一个类，可能会带来其他类的修改，这不是我们想要看到的，有了Computer类，他们之间的关系被放在了Computer类里，这样就起到了解耦的作用，这，就是外观模式！