oracle中的常用sql语句

常用SQL查询：

1、查看表空间的名称及大小

select t.tablespace_name, round(sum(bytes/(1024*1024)),0) ts_size
from dba_tablespaces t, dba_data_files d
where t.tablespace_name = d.tablespace_name
group by t.tablespace_name;

2、查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

select tablespace_name, file_id, file_name,
round(bytes/(1024*1024),0) total_space
from dba_data_files
order by tablespace_name;

3、查看回滚段名称及大小

select segment_name, tablespace_name, r.status, 
(initial_extent/1024) InitialExtent,(next_extent/1024) NextExtent, 
max_extents, v.curext CurExtent
From dba_rollback_segs r, v$rollstat v
Where r.segment_id = v.usn(+)
order by segment_name ;

4、查看控制文件

select name from v$controlfile;

5、查看日志文件

select member from v$logfile;

6、查看表空间的使用情况

select sum(bytes)/(1024*1024) as free_space,tablespace_name 
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;

SELECT A.TABLESPACE_NAME,A.BYTES TOTAL,B.BYTES USED, C.BYTES FREE,
(B.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% USED",(C.BYTES*100)/A.BYTES "% FREE"
FROM SYS.SM$TS_AVAIL A,SYS.SM$TS_USED B,SYS.SM$TS_FREE C
WHERE A.TABLESPACE_NAME=B.TABLESPACE_NAME AND A.TABLESPACE_NAME=C.TABLESPACE_NAME; 

7、查看数据库库对象

select owner, object_type, status, count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner, object_type, status;

8、查看数据库的版本　

Select version FROM Product_component_version 
Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT,1,6)='Oracle';

9、查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

Select Created, Log_Mode, Log_Mode From V$Database; 

10、捕捉运行很久的SQL

column username format a12 
column opname format a16 
column progress format a8 

select username,sid,opname, 
       round(sofar*100 / totalwork,0) || '%' as progress, 
       time_remaining,sql_text 
from v$session_longops , v$sql 
where time_remaining <> 0 
and sql_address = address 
and sql_hash_value = hash_value 
/
11。查看数据表的参数信息
SELECT   partition_name, high_value, high_value_length, tablespace_name,
         pct_free, pct_used, ini_trans, max_trans, initial_extent,
         next_extent, min_extent, max_extent, pct_increase, FREELISTS,
         freelist_groups, LOGGING, BUFFER_POOL, num_rows, blocks,
         empty_blocks, avg_space, chain_cnt, avg_row_len, sample_size,
         last_analyzed
    FROM dba_tab_partitions
   --WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner
ORDER BY partition_position

12.查看还没提交的事务
select * from v$locked_object;
select * from v$transaction;

13。查找object为哪些进程所用
select 
p.spid,
s.sid,
s.serial# serial_num,
s.username user_name,
a.type  object_type,
s.osuser os_user_name,
a.owner,
a.object object_name,
decode(sign(48 - command),
1,
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,
p.program oracle_process,
s.terminal terminal,
s.program program,
s.status session_status   
from v$session s, v$access a, v$process p   
where s.paddr = p.addr and
      s.type = 'USER' and   	
      a.sid = s.sid   and
   a.object='SUBSCRIBER_ATTR'
order by s.username, s.osuser

14。回滚段查看
select rownum, sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name Name, v$rollstat.extents 
Extents, v$rollstat.rssize Size_in_Bytes, v$rollstat.xacts XActs, 
v$rollstat.gets Gets, v$rollstat.waits Waits, v$rollstat.writes Writes, 
sys.dba_rollback_segs.status status from v$rollstat, sys.dba_rollback_segs, 
v$rollname where v$rollname.name(+) = sys.dba_rollback_segs.segment_name and 
v$rollstat.usn (+) = v$rollname.usn order by rownum

15。耗资源的进程（top session）
select s.schemaname schema_name,   	decode(sign(48 - command), 1, 
to_char(command), 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action,   	status 
session_status,  	s.osuser os_user_name,  	s.sid,         p.spid ,        	s.serial# serial_num,  	
nvl(s.username, '[Oracle process]') user_name,  	s.terminal terminal,   	
s.program program,  	st.value criteria_value  from v$sesstat st,  	v$session s  , v$process p   
where st.sid = s.sid and  	st.statistic# = to_number('38') and  	('ALL' = 'ALL' 
or s.status = 'ALL') and p.addr = s.paddr order by st.value desc,  p.spid asc, s.username asc, s.osuser asc

16。查看锁（lock）情况
select /*+ RULE */ ls.osuser os_user_name,  	ls.username user_name,  	
decode(ls.type, 'RW', 'Row wait enqueue lock', 'TM', 'DML enqueue lock', 'TX', 
'Transaction enqueue lock', 'UL', 'User supplied lock') lock_type,  	
o.object_name object,  	decode(ls.lmode, 1, null, 2, 'Row Share', 3, 
'Row Exclusive', 4, 'Share', 5, 'Share Row Exclusive', 6, 'Exclusive', null) 
lock_mode,   	o.owner,  	ls.sid,  	ls.serial# serial_num,  	ls.id1,  	ls.id2    
from sys.dba_objects o, (  	select s.osuser,  		s.username,  		l.type,   		
l.lmode,  		s.sid,  		s.serial#,  		l.id1,  		l.id2  	from v$session s,   		
v$lock l  	where s.sid = l.sid ) ls  where o.object_id = ls.id1 and   	o.owner 
<> 'SYS'   order by o.owner, o.object_name

17。查看等待（wait）情况
SELECT v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count count, SUM(v$sysstat.value) sum_value 
FROM v$waitstat, v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat.name IN ('db block gets', 
'consistent gets') group by v$waitstat.class, v$waitstat.count

18。查看sga情况
SELECT NAME, BYTES FROM SYS.V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC

19。查看catched object
SELECT owner,              name,              db_link,              namespace,  
            type,              sharable_mem,              loads,              executions,   
           locks,              pins,              kept        FROM v$db_object_cache
           
20。查看V$SQLAREA
SELECT SQL_TEXT, SHARABLE_MEM, PERSISTENT_MEM, RUNTIME_MEM, SORTS, 
VERSION_COUNT, LOADED_VERSIONS, OPEN_VERSIONS, USERS_OPENING, EXECUTIONS, 
USERS_EXECUTING, LOADS, FIRST_LOAD_TIME, INVALIDATIONS, PARSE_CALLS, DISK_READS,
 BUFFER_GETS, ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA
 
21。查看object分类数量
select decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 , 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 
'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) object_type , count(*) quantity from 
sys.obj$ o where o.type# > 1 group by decode (o.type#,1,'INDEX' , 2,'TABLE' , 3 
, 'CLUSTER' , 4, 'VIEW' , 5 , 'SYNONYM' , 6 , 'SEQUENCE' , 'OTHER' ) union select 
'COLUMN' , count(*) from sys.col$ union select 'DB LINK' , count(*) from 

22。按用户查看object种类
select u.name schema,  	sum(decode(o.type#, 1, 1, NULL)) indexes,  	
sum(decode(o.type#, 2, 1, NULL)) tables,  	sum(decode(o.type#, 3, 1, NULL)) 
clusters,  	sum(decode(o.type#, 4, 1, NULL)) views,  	sum(decode(o.type#, 5, 1, 
NULL)) synonyms,  	sum(decode(o.type#, 6, 1, NULL)) sequences,  	
sum(decode(o.type#, 1, NULL, 2, NULL, 3, NULL, 4, NULL, 5, NULL, 6, NULL, 1)) 
others   from sys.obj$ o, sys.user$ u   where o.type# >= 1 and   	u.user# = 
o.owner# and  	u.name <> 'PUBLIC'   group by u.name    order by 
sys.link$ union select 'CONSTRAINT' , count(*) from sys.con$

23。有关connection的相关信息
1）查看有哪些用户连接
select s.osuser os_user_name,   	decode(sign(48 - command), 1, to_char(command),
 'Action Code #' || to_char(command) ) action, 	  	p.program oracle_process, 	  	
status session_status,   	s.terminal terminal,   	s.program program,   	
s.username user_name,   	s.fixed_table_sequence activity_meter,   	'' query,   	
0 memory,   	0 max_memory,     0 cpu_usage,   	s.sid,  	s.serial# serial_num    
from v$session s,   	v$process p   where s.paddr=p.addr and   	s.type = 'USER'  
 order by s.username, s.osuser
2）根据v.sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况
select n.name, 
		v.value, 
		n.class,
		n.statistic#  
from  v$statname n, 
		v$sesstat v 
where v.sid = 71 and 
		v.statistic# = n.statistic# 
order by n.class, n.statistic#
3）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql
select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */
		command_type, 
		sql_text, 
		sharable_mem, 
		persistent_mem, 
		runtime_mem, 
		sorts, 
		version_count, 
		loaded_versions, 
		open_versions, 
		users_opening, 
		executions, 
		users_executing, 
		loads, 
		first_load_time, 
		invalidations, 
		parse_calls, 
		disk_reads, 
		buffer_gets, 
		rows_processed,
		sysdate start_time,
		sysdate finish_time,
		'>' || address sql_address,
		'N' status 
from v$sqlarea
where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = 71)

24．查询表空间使用情况
select a.tablespace_name "表空间名称",
	100-round((nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/a.bytes_alloc)*100,2) "占用率(%)",
	round(a.bytes_alloc/1024/1024,2) "容量(M)",
	round(nvl(b.bytes_free,0)/1024/1024,2) "空闲(M)",
	round((a.bytes_alloc-nvl(b.bytes_free,0))/1024/1024,2) "使用(M)",
	Largest "最大扩展段(M)",
	to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') "采样时间" 
from  (select f.tablespace_name,
		  sum(f.bytes) bytes_alloc,
		  sum(decode(f.autoextensible,'YES',f.maxbytes,'NO',f.bytes)) maxbytes 
	from dba_data_files f 
	group by tablespace_name) a,
	(select  f.tablespace_name,
		   sum(f.bytes) bytes_free 
	from dba_free_space f 
	group by tablespace_name) b,
	(select round(max(ff.length)*16/1024,2) Largest,
		  ts.name tablespace_name 
	from sys.fet$ ff, sys.file$ tf,sys.ts$ ts 
	where ts.ts#=ff.ts# and ff.file#=tf.relfile# and ts.ts#=tf.ts# 
	group by ts.name, tf.blocks) c 
where a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name and a.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name

25. 查询表空间的碎片程度 

select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name 
having count(tablespace_name)>10; 

alter tablespace name coalesce; 
alter table name deallocate unused; 

create or replace view ts_blocks_v as 
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space 
union all 
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents; 

select * from ts_blocks_v; 

select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space 
group by tablespace_name;

26。查询有哪些数据库实例在运行
select inst_name from active_instances;



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2、显示当前连接用户 
SQL> show user 
3、查看系统拥有哪些用户 
SQL> select * from all_users; 
4、新建用户并授权 
SQL> create user a identified by a;（默认建在SYSTEM表空间下） 
SQL> grant connect,resource to a; 
5、连接到新用户 
SQL> conn a/a 
6、查询当前用户下所有对象 
SQL> select * from tab; 
7、建立第一个表 
SQL> create table a(a number); 
8、查询表结构 
SQL> desc a 
9、插入新记录 
SQL> insert into a values(1); 
10、查询记录 
SQL> select * from a; 
11、更改记录 
SQL> update a set a=2; 
12、删除记录 
SQL> delete from a; 
13、回滚 
SQL> roll; 
SQL> rollback; 
14、提交 
SQL> commit; 
用户授权: 
GRANT ALTER ANY INDEX TO "user_id " 
GRANT "dba " TO "user_id "; 
ALTER USER "user_id " DEFAULT ROLE ALL 
创建用户: 
CREATE USER "user_id " PROFILE "DEFAULT " IDENTIFIED BY " DEFAULT TABLESPACE 
"USERS " TEMPORARY TABLESPACE "TEMP " ACCOUNT UNLOCK; 
GRANT "CONNECT " TO "user_id "; 
用户密码设定: 
ALTER USER "CMSDB " IDENTIFIED BY "pass_word " 
表空间创建: 
CREATE TABLESPACE "table_space " LOGGING DATAFILE 
'C:\ORACLE\ORADATA\dbs\table_space.ora' SIZE 5M 
------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
1、查看当前所有对象 
SQL > select * from tab; 
2、建一个和a表结构一样的空表 
SQL > create table b as select * from a where 1=2; 
SQL > create table b(b1,b2,b3) as select a1,a2,a3 from a where 1=2; 
3、察看数据库的大小，和空间使用情况 
SQL > col tablespace format a20 
SQL > select b.file_id　　文件ID, 
　　b.tablespace_name　　表空间, 
　　b.file_name　　　　　物理文件名, 
　　b.bytes　　　　　　　总字节数, 
　　(b.bytes-sum(nvl(a.bytes,0)))　　　已使用, 
　　sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))　　　　　　　　剩余, 
　　sum(nvl(a.bytes,0))/(b.bytes)*100　剩余百分比 
　　from dba_free_space a,dba_data_files b 
　　where a.file_id=b.file_id 
　　group by b.tablespace_name,b.file_name,b.file_id,b.bytes 
　　order by b.tablespace_name 
　　/ 
　　dba_free_space --表空间剩余空间状况 
　　dba_data_files --数据文件空间占用情况 
4、查看现有回滚段及其状态 
SQL > col segment format a30 
SQL > SELECT SEGMENT_NAME,OWNER,TABLESPACE_NAME,SEGMENT_ID,FILE_ID,STATUS FROM 
DBA_ROLLBACK_SEGS; 
5、查看数据文件放置的路径 
SQL > col file_name format a50 
SQL > select tablespace_name,file_id,bytes/1024/1024,file_name from 
dba_data_files order by file_id; 
6、显示当前连接用户 
SQL > show user 
7、把SQL*Plus当计算器 
SQL > select 100*20 from dual; 
8、连接字符串 
SQL > select 列1 | |列2 from 表1; 
SQL > select concat(列1,列2) from 表1; 
9、查询当前日期 
SQL > select to_char(sysdate,'yyyy-mm-dd,hh24:mi:ss') from dual; 
10、用户间复制数据 
SQL > copy from user1 to user2 create table2 using select * from table1; 
11、视图中不能使用order by，但可用group by代替来达到排序目的 
SQL > create view a as select b1,b2 from b group by b1,b2; 
12、通过授权的方式来创建用户 
SQL > grant connect,resource to test identified by test; 
SQL > conn test/test 
13、查出当前用户所有表名。 
select unique tname from col; 
----------------------------------------------------------------------- 
/* 向一个表格添加字段 */ 
alter table alist_table add address varchar2(100); 
/* 修改字段 属性 字段为空 */ 
alter table alist_table modify address varchar2(80); 
/* 修改字段名字 */ 
create table alist_table_copy as select ID,NAME,PHONE,EMAIL, 
QQ as QQ2, /*qq 改为qq2*/ 
ADDRESS from alist_table; 
drop table alist_table; 
rename alist_table_copy to alist_table 
/* 修改表名 */ 
空值处理 
有时要求列值不能为空 
create table dept (deptno number(2) not null, dname char(14), loc char(13)); 
在基表中增加一列 
alter table dept 
add (headcnt number(3)); 
修改已有列属性 
alter table dept 
modify dname char(20); 
注：只有当某列所有值都为空时，才能减小其列值宽度。 
只有当某列所有值都为空时，才能改变其列值类型。 
只有当某列所有值都为不空时，才能定义该列为not null。 
例： 
alter table dept modify (loc char(12)); 
alter table dept modify loc char(12); 
alter table dept modify (dname char(13),loc char(12)); 
查找未断连接 
select process,osuser,username,machine,logon_time ,sql_text 
from v$session a,v$sqltext b whe

----------------------------------------------------------------- 
1.以USER_开始的数据字典视图包含当前用户所拥有的信息, 查询当前用户所拥有的表信息: 
select * from user_tables; 
2.以ALL_开始的数据字典视图包含ORACLE用户所拥有的信息, 
查询用户拥有或有权访问的所有表信息: 
select * from all_tables; 
3.以DBA_开始的视图一般只有ORACLE数据库管理员可以访问: 
select * from dba_tables; 
4.查询ORACLE用户： 
conn sys/change_on_install 
select * from dba_users; 
conn system/manager; 
select * from all_users; 
5.创建数据库用户： 
CREATE USER user_name IDENTIFIED BY password; 
GRANT CONNECT TO user_name; 
GRANT RESOURCE TO user_name; 
授权的格式: grant (权限) on tablename to username; 
删除用户(或表): 
drop user(table) username(tablename) (cascade); 
6.向建好的用户导入数据表 
IMP SYSTEM/MANAGER FROMUSER = FUSER_NAME TOUSER = USER_NAME FILE = C:\EXPDAT.DMP 
COMMIT = Y 
7.索引 
create index [index_name] on [table_name]( "column_name ")