软件的设计理念

Key Design Concepts
关键的设计概念
Managing complexity is the most important technical topic in software development.
管理的复杂性是软件开发中最重要的技术课题。
The goal of all software-design techniques is to break acomplicated problem into simple pieces. The more independent the subsystems are, the more you make it safe to focus on one bit of complexity at a time.
所有的软件设计技术的目标是打破复杂问题转化为简单的部分。更加独立的子系统，你越能集中在一个点一次安全的复杂性。
design characteristics
设计特点
Minimal complexity
最小的复杂性
* Avoid making “clever” designs. clever designs are usually hard to understand. Instead make “simple” and “easy-to-understand” designs.
*避免“聪明”的设计。聪明的设计通常是难以理解的。相反，使“简单”和“容易理解”的设计。
Ease of maintenance
维护方便
Loose coupling
松散耦合
Extensibility
可扩展性
Reusability
可重用性
High fan-in
高扇入
* having a high number of classes that use a given class. High fan-in implies that a system has been designed to make good use of utility classes at the lower levels in the system.
*具有大量的类，使用一个给定的类。高扇入意味着系统已经在系统中的低水平利用好实用类。
Low-to-medium fan-outside
低到中等风扇外
* having a given class use a low-to-medium number of other classes (<7)
*具有一个给定的类使用一个低的其他类介质数（＜7）
Portability
可移植性
Leanness
消瘦
* designing the system so that it has no extra parts. a book is finished not when nothing more can be added but when nothing more can be taken away.