Python数据持久化-MongoDB篇

2018年7月6日笔记
下文中的操作都是使用python操作mongoDB，所以前提是必须安装python和mongoDB。

1. 安装pymongo

在cmd或者PowerShell中运行命令:pip install pymongo

2. 插入数据

2.1 插入一条数据

引入pymongo库中的MongoClient类，使用该类的初始化方法实例化一个对象赋值给conn
conn.myschool为数据库school，将其赋值给变量db
db.students为数据库school中的students集合，将其赋值给变量students
定义一个数据类型为字典dict的变量zhangsan
往数据库中的students集合中插入zhangsan的信息文档，students.insert_one(zhangsan)

from pymongo import MongoClient

if __name__ == '__main__':
    conn = MongoClient('localhost')
    db = conn.myschool
    students = db.students
    zhangsan = dict(
        name="zhangsan",
        age=20,
        sex="boy",
        contact=dict(
            email1="abc@qq.com",
            email2="123@qq.com"
        )
    )
    students.insert_one(zhangsan)

2.2 插入多条数据

from pymongo import MongoClient

if __name__ == '__main__':
    conn = MongoClient('localhost')
    db = conn.myschool
    students = db.students
    lisi = dict(
        name = 'lisi',
        habit = dict(
            habit1 = 'eat',
            habit2 = 'sleep'
        )
    )
    wangwu = dict(
        name = 'wangwu',
        age = 20,
        sex = 'boy'
    )
    students.insert_many([lisi,wangwu])

2.3 使用循环创建3个班，并随机添加10个学生

from pymongo import MongoClient
from random import randint
if __name__ == '__main__':
    conn = MongoClient('localhost')
    db = conn.school
    hobby_list = ['sing','drawing','run','football','basketball']
    grade_list = ['grade_1_1','grade_1_2','grade_1_3']
    for grade in grade_list:
        collection = db.get_collection(grade)
        collection.drop()
        for i in range(10):
            student = dict(
                name = "zhangsan" + str(i),
                age = randint(1,9),
                sex = "男" if randint(0,1) else "女",
                hobby = hobby_list[:randint(0,5)]
            )
            collection.insert_one(student)

3.查询数据

在进行查询的时候，必须要先执行2-3节中的代码，确保school数据库中插入3个班集合

3.1 查询集合中全部数据

示例代码如下：

from pymongo import MongoClient

if __name__ == '__main__':
    conn = MongoClient('localhost')
    db = conn.school
    students = db.grade_1_3
    cursor = students.find()
    for i in cursor:
        print(i)

图片.png-57.9kB

3.2 过滤查询

查询之前先定义一个数据类型为字典dict的变量filter
filter示例,查询年龄等于4的文档：filter = {"age":4}
代码示例如下，代码能够成功运行，具体的数据库名和集合名要根据自己电脑中的MongoDB情况进行更改：

from pymongo import MongoClient

if __name__ == '__main__':
    conn = MongoClient('localhost')
    db = conn.school
    students = db.grade_1_3
    filter = {"age": 4}
    cursor = students.find(filter)
    for i in cursor:
        print(i)

filter中操作符及其含义

图片.png-131.5kB

3.2.1 $in操作符示例：

from pymongo import MongoClient

if __name__ == '__main__':
    conn = MongoClient('localhost')
    db = conn.school
    students = db.grade_1_3
    filter = {"name": {'$in':['zhangsan2','zhangsan3']}}
    cursor = students.find(filter)
    for i in cursor:
        print(i)
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