面向对象进阶知识点

继承的概念

生活中的继承，一般指的是子女继承父辈的财产

如果类名后面的括号当中不写任何内容，那他就默认继承object（基类）

python面向对象的继承指的是多个类之间的所属关系，即子类默认继承父类的所有属性和方法，具体如下

在python中，所有类默认继承object类，object类是顶级类或基类；其他子类叫派生类

单继承

class Teacher(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._name = "杨大哥"
        self.kunfu = "龟派气功"

    def teacher_yangdage(self):
        print(f"我是{self._name},我会{self.kunfu}")


# 学生继承老师       
class Student(Teacher):
    pass

如果父类当中有__init__，那么父类继承之后无须在写init

如何调用父类的属性和方法

class Teacher(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._name = "杨大哥"
        self.kunfu = "龟派气功"

    def teacher_yangdage(self):
        print(f"我是{self._name},我会{self.kunfu}")


# 学生继承老师
class Student(Teacher):
    pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    student = Student()
    print(student.kunfu)

私有方法和属性不能被调用

多继承

class Student(Teacher, TeacherSecond):
    pass


if __name__ == '__main__':
    student = Student()
    print(student.kunfu)

这种只能够继承写在第一位的Teacher

如果要继承两个父类就如下图代码：

class Student(Teacher, TeacherSecond):
    def __init__(self):
        Teacher.__init__(self)
        TeacherSecond.__init__(self)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    student = Student()
    print(student.kunfu1)
    print(student.kunfu2)

子类重写父类方法和属性

修改父类属性

class Teacher(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._name = "杨大哥"
        self.kunfu1 = "龟派气功"

    def teacher_yangdage(self):
        print(f"我是{self._name},我会{self.kunfu}")


class TeacherSecond(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "马保国"
        self.kunfu2 = "接化发"


# 学生继承老师
class Student(Teacher, TeacherSecond):
    def __init__(self):
        Teacher.__init__(self)
        TeacherSecond.__init__(self)
        self.kunfu1="激光射线"
        self.kunfu2="如来神掌"

    def student_kunfu(self):
        print(f"学生自创的功夫：{self.kunfu1}和{self.kunfu2}")


if __name__ == '__main__':
    student = Student()
    student.student_kunfu()

修改父类属性过后，如果还想调用父类原本的属性

class Student(Teacher, TeacherSecond):
    def __init__(self):
        Teacher.__init__(self)
        TeacherSecond.__init__(self)
        self.kunfu1="激光射线"
        self.kunfu2="如来神掌"

    def student_kunfu(self):
        print(f"学生自创的功夫：{self.kunfu1}和{self.kunfu2}")

    def yangdage(self):
        Teacher.__init__(self)
        print(self.kunfu1)

    def mabaoguo(self):
        TeacherSecond.__init__(self)
        print(self.kunfu2)

多层继承

class Teacher(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._name = "杨大哥"
        self.kunfu1 = "龟派气功"

    def teacher_yangdage(self):
        print(f"我是{self._name},我会{self.kunfu}")


class TeacherSecond(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = "马保国"
        self.kunfu2 = "接化发"


# 学生继承老师
class StudentFirst(Teacher, TeacherSecond):
    def __init__(self):
        Teacher.__init__(self)
        TeacherSecond.__init__(self)
        self.kunfu1="激光射线"
        self.kunfu2="如来神掌"

    def student_kunfu(self):
        print(f"学生自创的功夫：{self.kunfu1}和{self.kunfu2}")

    def yangdage(self):
        Teacher.__init__(self)
        print(self.kunfu1)

    def mabaoguo(self):
        TeacherSecond.__init__(self)
        print(self.kunfu2)


class StudentSecond(StudentFirst):
    pass



if __name__ == '__main__':
    student =StudentSecond()
    print(student.kunfu2)
    print(student.kunfu1)
    student.student_kunfu()
    student.yangdage()
    student.mabaoguo()

super()查找父类当中的方法

运用在单继承当中

class Teacher(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._name = "杨大哥"
        self.kunfu1 = "龟派气功"


class StudentFirst(Teacher):
    def __init__(self):
        Teacher.__init__(self)
        super().__init__()
        self.kunfu1 = "六脉神剑"


if __name__ == '__main__':
    student=StudentFirst()
    print(student.kunfu1)

！！！

Teacher.__init__(self)
super().__init__()

这两种方法都非常相似，都是调用父类的方法

多态

传入不同的对象，产生不同的结果

class Father(object):
    def func(self):
        print("下达命令，出兵剿匪")


class SonOne(Father):
    def func(self):
        print("正面迎敌")


class SonTwo(Father):
    def func(self):
        print("背后偷袭")


class Main(object):
    def func_demo(self, demo):
        demo.func()

        
if __name__ == '__main__':
    demo1=SonOne()
    demo2=SonTwo()

    func=Main()
    func.func_demo(demo1)