Overlapped I/O 学习

1、Overlapped I/O 的含义

Overlapped I/O 是WIN32的一项技术，可以让操作系统进行I/O操作而不阻塞的程序执行，并且I/O操作完成时通知程序。

事实上Overlapped I/O操作系统最终是以线程的方式实现。

2、使用Overlapped I/O

Windows中通过CreateFile来打开各种资源。如：文件、串口、并口、Name pipes、Console等等。

   1: HANDLE WINAPI CreateFile(

   2:   __in      LPCTSTR lpFileName,         //资源名称

   3:   __in      DWORD dwDesiredAccess,      //存取模式

   4:   __in      DWORD dwShareMode,          //共享模式     

   5:   __in_opt  LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpSecurityAttributes,  //指向安全属性结构

   6:   __in      DWORD dwCreationDisposition,//如何产生  

   7:   __in      DWORD dwFlagsAndAttributes, //资源属性

   8:   __in_opt  HANDLE hTemplateFile        //零时文件，将拥有全部属性的拷贝

   9: );

其第6个参数指定为FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED，就是准备使用overlapped的方式构造或打开文件;

如果采用 overlapped，那么ReadFile()、WriteFile()的第5个参数必须提供一个指针，指向一个OVERLAPPED结构。 OVERLAPPED用于记录了当前正在操作的文件一些相关信息。

   1: BOOL WINAPI ReadFile(

   2:   __in         HANDLE hFile,                  //资源句柄

   3:   __out        LPVOID lpBuffer,               //输出缓冲区指针

   4:   __in         DWORD nNumberOfBytesToRead,    //输出字节数

   5:   __out_opt    LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesRead,   //实际读取的字节个数的地址

   6:   __inout_opt  LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped      //指向Overlapped info

   7: );

   8: BOOL WINAPI WriteFile(

   9:   __in         HANDLE hFile,                  //资源指针

  10:   __in         LPCVOID lpBuffer,              //写入数据缓冲区

  11:   __in         DWORD nNumberOfBytesToWrite,   //写入字节数

  12:   __out_opt    LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesWritten,//实际写入字节数 

  13:   __inout_opt  LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped      //指向Overlapped info

  14: );

Overlapped 结构

   1: typedef struct _OVERLAPPED

   2: {  

   3:     ULONG_PTR Internal;  

   4:     ULONG_PTR InternalHigh;  

   5:     union {    

   6:         struct {      

   7:                     DWORD Offset;

   8:                     DWORD OffsetHigh;

   9:                 };   

  10:         PVOID Pointer;

  11:           }; 

  12:      HANDLE hEvent;

  13: } OVERLAPPED,  *LPOVERLAPPED;

结构字段含义

Internal：保留为系统使用。当GetOverlappedResult返回False时，且用GetLastError返回不是ERROR_IO_PENDING时，该字段为一个视系统而定的状态。

InternalHigh:保留为系统使用。当GetOverlappedResult为TRUE时，该字段为被传输数据长度。

Offset:当目标设备为文件时该字段有效，其他时候必须为0；表示文件中被传输数据的偏移位置(从文件头开始计算)。

OffsetHigh：64位文件偏移中的高32位。当目标设备为文件时有效。其他时候必须为0。

Pointer：保留为系统时候。

hEvent：一个手动复位的事件句柄，当Overlapper I/O完成时，被触发。

   1: BOOL WINAPI GetOverlappedResult(

   2:   __in   HANDLE hFile,                         //资源句柄

   3:   __in   LPOVERLAPPED lpOverlapped,            //Overlapped指针

   4:   __out  LPDWORD lpNumberOfBytesTransferred,   //真正被传输的字节数

   5:   __in   BOOL bWait                            //是否需要等等I/O完成 

   6: );

示例：

   1: #include <Windows.h>

   2: #include <stdio.h>

   3:  

   4: int main()

   5: {

   6:     BOOL bRet;

   7:     HANDLE hFile = NULL;

   8:     OVERLAPPED overlapped;

   9:     LPCTSTR szPath = TEXT("H:\\Resource.rar");

  10:     unsigned char buf[1024*100];

  11:     DWORD nRead = 0;

  12:     /*以OVERLAPPED方式打开一个文件*/

  13:     hFile = ::CreateFile(szPath,

  14:                          GENERIC_ALL,

  15:                          FILE_SHARE_READ | FILE_SHARE_WRITE,

  16:                          NULL,

  17:                          OPEN_EXISTING,

  18:                          FILE_FLAG_OVERLAPPED,

  19:                          NULL

  20:                         );

  21:     if (hFile != INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)

  22:     {

  23:         memset(&overlapped,0x00,sizeof(overlapped));

  24:         memset(buf,0x00,sizeof(buf));

  25:         overlapped.Offset = 0;

  26:  

  27:         bRet = ::ReadFile(hFile,

  28:                           buf,

  29:                           1024*10,

  30:                           &nRead,

  31:                           &overlapped

  32:                           );

  33:         if (bRet)

  34:         {

  35:             for (DWORD i = 0;i < nRead;i++)

  36:             {

  37:                 printf("%02X ",buf[i]);

  38:                 if ((i + 1) % 16 == 0)

  39:                 {

  40:                     printf("\n");

  41:                 }

  42:             }

  43:             printf("\n");

  44:         }

  45:         else

  46:         {    

  47:             DWORD err = GetLastError();

  48:             if (err == ERROR_IO_PENDING)

  49:             {

  50:                 bRet = GetOverlappedResult(hFile,&overlapped,&nRead,TRUE);

  51:                 if (bRet)

  52:                 {

  53:                     for (DWORD i = 0;i < nRead;i++)

  54:                     {

  55:                         printf("%02X ",buf[i]);

  56:                     }

  57:                     printf("\n");

  58:                 }

  59:                 else

  60:                 {

  61:                     printf("Error Code : %d\n",GetLastError());

  62:                 }

  63:             }

  64:             else

  65:             {

  66:                 printf("Error Code : %d\n",err);

  67:             }

  68:         }

  69:         CloseHandle(hFile);

  70:     }

  71:     else

  72:     {

  73:         printf("Error Code : %d\n",GetLastError());    

  74:     }    

  75:     char ch = getchar();

  76:     return 0;

  77: }

 

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