【Python编程从入门到实践】 第十三章 课后习题

13-1 星星：找一幅星星图像，并在屏幕上显示一系列整齐排列的星星。

import pygame
import sys
from pygame.sprite import Group
from pygame.sprite import Sprite


class Settings():
    def __init__(self):
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (0, 0, 51)


class Star(Sprite):
    def __init__(self, settings, screen):
        super().__init__()
        self.settings = settings
        self.screen = screen
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/star.png')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height

    def blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)


def get_number_star_x(settings, star_width):
    available_space_x = settings.screen_width - 2 * star_width
    number_stars_x = int(available_space_x / (star_width * 2))
    return number_stars_x


def get_number_rows(settings, star_height):
    """计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人"""
    available_space_y = (settings.screen_height - 2 * star_height)
    number_rows = int(available_space_y / (star_height * 2))
    return number_rows


def create_star(settings, screen, stars, star_number, row_number):
    star = Star(settings, screen)
    star.rect.x = star.rect.width + 2 * star.rect.width * star_number
    star.rect.y = star.rect.height + 2 * star.rect.height * row_number
    stars.add(star)


def create_star_group(settgings, screen, stars):
    star = Star(settgings, screen)
    number_stars_x = get_number_star_x(settgings, star.rect.width)
    number_rows = get_number_rows(settgings, star.rect.height)

    for row_number in range(number_rows):
        for star_number in range(number_stars_x):
            create_star(settgings, screen, stars, star_number, row_number)


def run_star():
    pygame.init()
    settings = Settings()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((settings.screen_width, settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption('Stars')
    stars = Group()
    create_star_group(settings, screen, stars)

    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()

        screen.fill(settings.bg_color)
        stars.draw(screen)
        pygame.display.flip()


run_star()

运行结果：

13-2 更逼真的星星：为让星星的分布更逼真，可随机地放置星星。

import pygame
import sys
from pygame.sprite import Group
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
from random import randint


class Settings():
    def __init__(self):
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (0, 0, 51)


class Star(Sprite):
    def __init__(self, settings, screen):
        super().__init__()
        self.settings = settings
        self.screen = screen
        self.random_number = randint(-10, 10)
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/star.png')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.x = self.rect.width + self.random_number
        self.rect.y = self.rect.height + self.random_number

    def blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)


def get_number_star_x(settings, star_width):
    available_space_x = settings.screen_width - 2 * star_width
    number_stars_x = int(available_space_x / (star_width * 2))
    return number_stars_x


def get_number_rows(settings, star_height):
    """计算屏幕可容纳多少行外星人"""
    available_space_y = (settings.screen_height - 2 * star_height)
    number_rows = int(available_space_y / (star_height * 2))
    return number_rows


def create_star(settings, screen, stars, star_number, row_number):
    star = Star(settings, screen)
    star.rect.x = star.rect.x + 2 * star.rect.x * star_number
    star.rect.y = star.rect.y + 2 * star.rect.y * row_number
    stars.add(star)


def create_star_group(settgings, screen, stars):
    star = Star(settgings, screen)
    number_stars_x = get_number_star_x(settgings, star.rect.width)
    number_rows = get_number_rows(settgings, star.rect.height)

    for row_number in range(number_rows):
        for star_number in range(number_stars_x):
            create_star(settgings, screen, stars, star_number, row_number)


def run_star():
    pygame.init()
    settings = Settings()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((settings.screen_width, settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption('Stars')
    stars = Group()
    create_star_group(settings, screen, stars)

    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()

        screen.fill(settings.bg_color)
        stars.draw(screen)
        pygame.display.flip()


run_star()

运行结果：

13-3 雨滴：寻找一幅雨滴图像，并创建一系列整齐排列的雨滴。让这些雨滴往下落，直到到达屏幕底端后消失。

import sys
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group
from pygame.sprite import Sprite


class Settings():
    def __init__(self):
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (255, 255, 255)


class Rain(Sprite):
    def __init__(self, settings, screen):
        super().__init__()
        self.settings = settings
        self.screen = screen
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/rain.png')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.drop_speed = 1

    def update(self):
        self.rect.y += self.drop_speed

    def blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)


def get_number_rains_x(settings, rain_width):
    available_space_x = settings.screen_width - rain_width * 2
    number_rains_x = int(available_space_x / (rain_width * 2))
    return number_rains_x


def create_rain(settings, screen, rains, number_rain):
    rain = Rain(settings, screen)
    rain.rect.x = rain.rect.width + 2 * rain.rect.width * number_rain
    rains.add(rain)


def create_rain_group(settings, screen, rains):
    rain = Rain(settings, screen)
    number_rains_x = get_number_rains_x(settings, rain.rect.width)

    for rain_number in range(number_rains_x):
        create_rain(settings, screen, rains, rain_number)


def update_rains(settings, rains):
    """更新雨滴的位置，并删除已经消失的雨滴"""
    # 更新雨滴的位置
    rains.update()

    # 删除已消失的雨滴
    for rain in rains.copy():
        if rain.rect.bottom >= settings.screen_height:
            rains.remove(rain)


def run_rain():
    pygame.init()
    settings = Settings()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((settings.screen_width, settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption('Raining')
    rains = Group()
    create_rain_group(settings, screen, rains)
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()

        screen.fill(settings.bg_color)
        rains.draw(screen)
        update_rains(settings, rains)
        pygame.display.flip()


run_rain()

运行结果：

13-4 连绵细雨： 修改为完成练习13-3而编写的代码，使一行雨滴消失在屏幕底端后，屏幕顶端又出现一行新雨滴，并开始往下落。

import sys
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Group
from pygame.sprite import Sprite


class Settings():
    def __init__(self):
        self.screen_width = 1200
        self.screen_height = 800
        self.bg_color = (255, 255, 255)
        self.get_new_rain = True


class Rain(Sprite):
    def __init__(self, settings, screen):
        super().__init__()
        self.settings = settings
        self.screen = screen
        self.image = pygame.image.load('images/rain.png')
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.drop_speed = 1

    def update(self):
        self.rect.y += self.drop_speed

    def blitme(self):
        self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)


def get_number_rains_x(settings, rain_width):
    available_space_x = settings.screen_width - rain_width * 2
    number_rains_x = int(available_space_x / (rain_width * 2))
    return number_rains_x


def create_rain(settings, screen, rains, number_rain):
    rain = Rain(settings, screen)
    rain.rect.x = rain.rect.width + 2 * rain.rect.width * number_rain
    rains.add(rain)


def create_rain_group(settings, screen, rains):
    rain = Rain(settings, screen)
    number_rains_x = get_number_rains_x(settings, rain.rect.width)
    for rain_number in range(number_rains_x):
        create_rain(settings, screen, rains, rain_number)


def update_rains(settings, screen, rains):
    """更新雨滴的位置，并删除已经消失的雨滴"""
    # 更新雨滴的位置
    rains.update()

    # 删除已消失的雨滴,并添加新雨滴
    for rain in rains:
        if rain.rect.bottom >= settings.screen_height:
            rains.remove(rain)

    if rain.rect.bottom >= settings.screen_height:
        create_rain_group(settings, screen, rains)


def run_rain():
    pygame.init()
    settings = Settings()
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode((settings.screen_width, settings.screen_height))
    pygame.display.set_caption('Raining')
    rains = Group()
    create_rain_group(settings, screen, rains)
    while True:
        for event in pygame.event.get():
            if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                sys.exit()

        screen.fill(settings.bg_color)
        update_rains(settings, screen, rains)
        rains.draw(screen)
        pygame.display.flip()


run_rain()

运行结果：

截图见上一幅，雨滴到底之后会重新生成新雨滴下降。