网络编程学习笔记(gethostbyname函数)

#include <netdb.h>
struct hostent* gethostbyname(const char* hostname);

成功，返回非空指针，出错返回空指针，同时设置h_errno

hostent结构体定义如下：

struct hostent
{
       char *h_name;// official name of host
       char **h_aliases;//pointer to array of pointers to alias names
       int h_addrtype;//host address type:AF_INET or AF_INET6
       int h_lenght;//length of address 4 or 6 
       char **h_addr_list;//ptr to array of ptrs with IPv4 or IPv6 addrs
};

gethostbyname与我们介绍的其他套接口函数的不同之处在于，当发生错误时，它不设置errno，而是将全局整数h_errno设置为定义在头文件<netdb.h>中的下列常数中的一个：

1、HOST_NOT_FOUND

2、TRY_AGAIN

3、NO_RECOVERY

4、NO_DATA

#include <netdb.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>


#define INET6_ADDRESTRLEN 48

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	char *ptr, **pptr;
	char str[INET6_ADDRESTRLEN];
	struct hostent* hptr;

	while (--argc > 0) {
		ptr = *++argv;
		if ((hptr = gethostbyname(ptr)) == NULL) {
			printf("gethostbyname error for host:%s:%s", 
				ptr, hstrerror(h_errno));
			continue;
		}
		printf("official hostname:%s\n", hptr->h_name);
		
		for (pptr = hptr->h_aliases; *pptr != NULL; pptr++) {
			printf("\tallas:%s\n", *pptr);
		}
	
		switch(hptr->h_addrtype) {
			case AF_INET:
				pptr = hptr->h_addr_list;
				for (; *pptr != NULL; pptr++) {
					printf("\taddress:%s\n",
					       inet_ntop(hptr->h_addrtype, *pptr, str, sizeof(str)));
			break;
			default:
				printf("unknown address type\n");
				break;
				}
		}
		
	}

	return 0;
}