第16章 USB主机、设备与Gadget驱动之USB UDC与Gadget驱动（三）

16.5　USB OTG驱动

    OTG是On-The-Go的缩写，是近年来发展的技术，2001年12月18日由USB Implementers Forum公布，主要应用于各种不同的设备或移动设备之间的联接，进行数据交换。

    特别是Pad、移动电话、消费类设备。改变如数码相机、摄像机、打印机等设备之间多种不同制式连机器，多大7种制式的存储卡数据交换的不便。2014年左右开始在市场普及。

    USB OTG标准在完全兼容USB 2.0标准的基础上，USB OTG允许设备既可作为主机，也可作为外设操作，OTG新增主机通令协议（HNP）和对话请求协议（SRP）。

    在OTG中，初始主机设备称为A设备，外设称为B设备。可用电缆的连接方式来决定初始角色。两用设备使用新型Mini-AB插座，从而使Mini-A插头、Mini-B插头和Mini-AB插座增添了第5个引脚，以用于识别不同的电缆端点。Mini-A插头中的ID引脚接地，Mini-B插头中的ID引脚浮空。当OTG设备检测到接地的ID引脚时，表示默认的是A设备（主机），而检测到ID引脚浮空的设备则认为是B设备（外设）。系统一旦连接后，OTG的角色还可以更换，以采用新的HNP协议。而SRP允许B设备请求A设备打开VBUS电源并启动一次对话。一次OTG对话可通过A设备提供VBUS电源的时间来确定。

    自Linux 2.6.9，OTG相关源代码已经被包含在内核中，新增的主要内容包括：

linux/usb/gadget.h

/**
 * struct usb_gadget - represents a usb slave device
 * @work: (internal use) Workqueue to be used for sysfs_notify()
 * @ops: Function pointers used to access hardware-specific operations.
 * @ep0: Endpoint zero, used when reading or writing responses to
 *      driver setup() requests
 * @ep_list: List of other endpoints supported by the device.
 * @speed: Speed of current connection to USB host.
 * @max_speed: Maximal speed the UDC can handle.  UDC must support this
 *      and all slower speeds.
 * @state: the state we are now (attached, suspended, configured, etc)
 * @name: Identifies the controller hardware type.  Used in diagnostics
 *      and sometimes configuration.
 * @dev: Driver model state for this abstract device.
 * @out_epnum: last used out ep number
 * @in_epnum: last used in ep number
 * @sg_supported: true if we can handle scatter-gather
 * @is_otg: True if the USB device port uses a Mini-AB jack, so that the
 *      gadget driver must provide a USB OTG descriptor.
 * @is_a_peripheral: False unless is_otg, the "A" end of a USB cable
 *      is in the Mini-AB jack, and HNP has been used to switch roles
 *      so that the "A" device currently acts as A-Peripheral, not A-Host.
 * @a_hnp_support: OTG device feature flag, indicating that the A-Host
 *      supports HNP at this port.
 * @a_alt_hnp_support: OTG device feature flag, indicating that the A-Host
 *      only supports HNP on a different root port.
 * @b_hnp_enable: OTG device feature flag, indicating that the A-Host
 *      enabled HNP support.
 * @quirk_ep_out_aligned_size: epout requires buffer size to be aligned to
 *      MaxPacketSize.
 * @xfer_isr_count: UI (transfer complete) interrupts count
 * @usb_core_id: Identifies the usb core controlled by this usb_gadget.
 *               Used in case of more then one core operates concurrently.
 * @bam2bam_func_enabled; Indicates function using bam2bam is enabled or not.
 * @extra_buf_alloc: Extra allocation size for AXI prefetch so that out of
 * boundary access is protected.
 * @interrupt_num: Interrupt number for the underlying platform device.
 *
 * Gadgets have a mostly-portable "gadget driver" implementi