centos扩容硬盘流程记录

硬盘扩容的事情每隔几个月就会遇到，可是流程命令总是记不牢靠，而扩容又是需要小心谨慎操作的，于是每做一次就要查一次命令，今天刚好又要扩容了，不如自己记一份吧：

这是一台centos纯Web节点，16G硬盘，马上要跑一个中间件，需要扩容到80G。

1、先看看磁盘空间占用情况

df -h

[root@149 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_base-lv_root
                       12G  4.7G  6.1G  44% /
tmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M  127M  325M  29% /boot

16G空间，已用4.7G，可用6.1G，swap3.9G。

2、查看块设备信息

lsblk

[root@149 ~]# lsblk
NAME                       MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                         11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
sda                          8:0    0   16G  0 disk 
├─sda1                       8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2                       8:2    0 15.5G  0 part 
  ├─vg_base-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0    0 11.6G  0 lvm  /
  └─vg_base-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1    0    4G  0 lvm  [SWAP]

这里更清楚些，盘/dev/sda 16G

3、为sda分区，提示No free sectors available就说明没有识别出新增加的空间，要reboot一下，再

lsblk

[root@149 ~]# lsblk
NAME                       MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                         11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
sda                          8:0    0   80G  0 disk 
├─sda1                       8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
└─sda2                       8:2    0 15.5G  0 part 
  ├─vg_base-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0    0 11.6G  0 lvm  /
  └─vg_base-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1    0    4G  0 lvm  [SWAP]

/dev/sda已经识别为80G了。

fdisk /dev/sda

[root@149 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (2089-10443, default 2089): 
Using default value 2089
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2089-10443, default 10443): 
Using default value 10443

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 85.9 GB, 85899345920 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 10443 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000c1400

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *           1          64      512000   83  Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2              64        2089    16264192   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sda3            2089       10443    67106181+  83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: 设备或资源忙.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.

这里先输n，表示新建分区，p表示主分区，3表示第3个分区（上图已经有了sda1、sda3，再次创建应该敲3），w存盘

提示设备忙，重新查询分区并没建立成功，没关系，直接重启。重启之后：

lsbkl

[root@149 ~]# lsblk
NAME                       MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sr0                         11:0    1 1024M  0 rom  
sda                          8:0    0   80G  0 disk 
├─sda1                       8:1    0  500M  0 part /boot
├─sda2                       8:2    0 15.5G  0 part 
│ ├─vg_base-lv_root (dm-0) 253:0    0 11.6G  0 lvm  /
│ └─vg_base-lv_swap (dm-1) 253:1    0    4G  0 lvm  [SWAP]
└─sda3                       8:3    0   64G  0 part 

看到新建的分区sda3，大小64G。

4、创建物理卷

先查一下，pvdisplay

[root@149 ~]# pvdisplay 
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               vg_base
  PV Size               15.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3970
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          3970
  PV UUID               aIhV3j-Nv0x-8ddK-2Tb3-M1JK-nwUG-M78yi8

只有一个/dev/sda2，再创建一个，pvcreate /dev/sda3

[root@149 ~]# pvcreate /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created

再查一下，pvdisplay

[root@149 ~]# pvdisplay         
  --- Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda2
  VG Name               vg_base
  PV Size               15.51 GiB / not usable 3.00 MiB
  Allocatable           yes (but full)
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3970
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          3970
  PV UUID               aIhV3j-Nv0x-8ddK-2Tb3-M1JK-nwUG-M78yi8
   
  "/dev/sda3" is a new physical volume of "64.00 GiB"
  --- NEW Physical volume ---
  PV Name               /dev/sda3
  VG Name               
  PV Size               64.00 GiB
  Allocatable           NO
  PE Size               0   
  Total PE              0
  Free PE               0
  Allocated PE          0
  PV UUID               K9OJwZ-bwU2-D1DA-AX0A-FfH3-7xdM-6UWzss

5、将物理卷加入卷组

先查一下卷组，vgdisplay

[root@149 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_base
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               15.51 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              3970
  Alloc PE / Size       3970 / 15.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
  VG UUID               s4ngmz-Nrez-l3Nj-n5ul-R0Lx-zCr3-WbXVU1

将卷加入，vgextend  vg_base /dev/sda3 。注意“vg_base”取自上图中的“VG Name”，每个节点有可能不同。

[root@149 ~]# vgextend vg_base /dev/sda3
  Volume group "vg_base" successfully extended

再查一下卷组，vgdisplay

[root@149 ~]# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               vg_base
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  5
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               79.50 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              20353
  Alloc PE / Size       3970 / 15.51 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       16383 / 64.00 GiB
  VG UUID               s4ngmz-Nrez-l3Nj-n5ul-R0Lx-zCr3-WbXVU1

这时可以看到变化，卷组的Free Size 由0增加到了64G。

6、将新增的空闲空间扩展到逻辑卷。

先查看一下逻辑卷，lvdisplay 

[root@149 ~]# lvdisplay 
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_base/lv_root
  LV Name                lv_root
  VG Name                vg_base
  LV UUID                c1Aw9t-N1E4-yx9x-LM3Y-knx2-VF9i-iencD0
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time base.xnjd.cn, 2014-03-29 02:29:10 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                11.57 GiB
  Current LE             2962
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:0
   
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/vg_base/lv_swap
  LV Name                lv_swap
  VG Name                vg_base
  LV UUID                mtycRL-PSCg-pOYG-Lsf3-GWDX-jtNQ-QZVqKV
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time base.xnjd.cn, 2014-03-29 02:29:12 +0800
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                3.94 GiB
  Current LE             1008
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     256
  Block device           253:1

记住lv_root的Path，这里要用，下一步也要用。然后将新增的空闲空间扩展到逻辑卷，lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg_base/lv_root 

[root@149 ~]# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/vg_base/lv_root 
  Size of logical volume vg_base/lv_root changed from 11.57 GiB (2962 extents) to 75.57 GiB (19345 extents).
  Logical volume lv_root successfully resized.

7、改变文件系统大小。

resize2fs /dev/vg_base/lv_root 

[root@149 ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg_base/lv_root 
resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem at /dev/vg_base/lv_root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 5
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/vg_base/lv_root to 19809280 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/vg_base/lv_root is now 19809280 blocks long.

完成了。将第一步的命令再运行一次，做个对比。

df -h

[root@149 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/vg_base-lv_root
                       75G  4.7G   66G   7% /
tmpfs                 3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             477M  133M  319M  30% /boot

80G空间，已用4.7G，可用66G，swap3.9G。可用空间由6.1G变为了66G。