3. Kubernetes资源-概述

3. Kubernetes资源-概述

3.1 资源概念

Kubernetes中所有内容都抽象为资源，资源实例化之后叫做对象。Kubernetes的资源根据不同的维度可以分为：

• 工作负载型：Pod、ReplicaSet、Deployment、DaemonSet、Job/CronJob、StatefulSet
• 服务发现型：Service、Ingress
• 配置与存储：ConfigMap、Secret、Volume、PV-PVC
• 集群级别：Namespace、Role、ClusterRole、RoleBinding、ClusterRoleBinding
• 元数据型：HPA、PodTemplate、LimitRangs

3.2 资源清单

Kubernetes中一般使用YAML格式的文件来创建符合预期期望的Pod，这样的YAML文件称为资源清单。可以使用kubectl explain RESOURCE [options]查看不同资源支持的YAML标签。例如：查看Pod资源所支持的标签

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl explain pod
KIND:     Pod
VERSION:  v1

DESCRIPTION:
     Pod is a collection of containers that can run on a host. This resource is
     created by clients and scheduled onto hosts.

FIELDS:
   apiVersion   <string>
     APIVersion defines the versioned schema of this representation of an
     object. Servers should convert recognized schemas to the latest internal
     value, and may reject unrecognized values. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#resources

   kind <string>
     Kind is a string value representing the REST resource this object
     represents. Servers may infer this from the endpoint the client submits
     requests to. Cannot be updated. In CamelCase. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#types-kinds

   metadata     <Object>
     Standard object's metadata. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#metadata

   spec <Object>
     Specification of the desired behavior of the pod. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status

   status       <Object>
     Most recently observed status of the pod. This data may not be up to date.
     Populated by the system. Read-only. More info:
     https://git.k8s.io/community/contributors/devel/sig-architecture/api-conventions.md#spec-and-status

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# 

3.2.1 YAML

1. YAML文件使用#标识注释，只支持空格缩进，并且相同层级的元素左对齐；
2. YAML数据支持对象（键值对）、数组和纯量（字符串、布尔、整数、浮点数、空值、时间、日期）。

3.2.2 创建资源（自主式Pod为例）

1. 编写YAML文件：

apiVersion: v1            # API版本
kind: Pod                 # 资源类型
metadata:
  name: tomcat-pod        # Pod资源名称
  namespace: default      # Pod所在名称空间
  labels:
    app: tomcat           # Pod资源标签
spec:
  containers:
  - name: tomcat          # Pod内容器名称
    image: tomcat:8.0     # Pod内容器镜像
    imagePullPolicy: Never
    ports:
    - containerPort: 8080 # Pod内容器服务端口
      hostPort: 8080      # 主机映射端口
      protocol: TCP       # 端口服务类型

2. 创建Pod资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl create -f pod.yaml 
pod/tomcat-pod created
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# 

3. 查看Pod资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME         READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
tomcat-pod   1/1     Running   0          2m58s   10.244.1.53   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>

4. 查看资源详情：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl describe pod/tomcat-pod 
Name:         tomcat-pod
Namespace:    default
Priority:     0
Node:         k8sworker43-21/192.168.43.21
Start Time:   Sat, 23 Jul 2022 08:08:49 +0800
Labels:       app=tomcat
Annotations:  <none>
Status:       Running
IP:           10.244.1.53
IPs:
  IP:  10.244.1.53
Containers:
  tomcat:
    Container ID:   docker://81e61ed10151b679bc987f388422372d4bff66eae7ba4246ed064d0035d6ac22
    Image:          tomcat:8.0
    Image ID:       docker-pullable://tomcat@sha256:8ecb10948deb32c34aeadf7bf95d12a93fbd3527911fa629c1a3e7823b89ce6f
    Port:           8080/TCP
    Host Port:      8080/TCP
    State:          Running
      Started:      Sat, 23 Jul 2022 08:08:50 +0800
    Ready:          True
    Restart Count:  0
    Environment:    <none>
    Mounts:
      /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-sbvk4 (ro)
Conditions:
  Type              Status
  Initialized       True 
  Ready             True 
  ContainersReady   True 
  PodScheduled      True 
Volumes:
  default-token-sbvk4:
    Type:        Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
    SecretName:  default-token-sbvk4
    Optional:    false
QoS Class:       BestEffort
Node-Selectors:  <none>
Tolerations:     node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
                 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events:
  Type    Reason     Age    From               Message
  ----    ------     ----   ----               -------
  Normal  Scheduled  5m49s  default-scheduler  Successfully assigned default/tomcat-pod to k8sworker43-21
  Normal  Pulled     5m45s  kubelet            Container image "tomcat:8.0" already present on machine
  Normal  Created    5m45s  kubelet            Created container tomcat
  Normal  Started    5m45s  kubelet            Started container tomcat
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# 

5. 删除Pod资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl delete -f pod.yaml 
pod "tomcat-pod" deleted
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#