4 Kubernetes资源-Pod控制器(1)

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已于 2022-07-28 15:09:14 修改

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分类专栏： Kubernetes 文章标签： kubernetes docker 微服务

于 2022-07-27 17:55:42 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/xingliwei_2016/article/details/126018230

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4 Kubernetes资源-Pod控制器(1)

Kubernetes中Pod分为自主式和控制器管理式：

YAML指定类型为Pod的均为自主式，此类Pod退出后不会被创建；
YMAL指定类型为ReplicaSet、Deployment、DaemonSet、Job、CronJob、StatefulSet、HPA的均为控制器管理式，在控制器的生命周期内始终保持Pod的副本数据。

控制器相当于状态机，用来控制Pod的具体状态和行为。
根据应用场景可以分为：

无状态后台服务：ReplicaSet和Deployment
节点为单位：DaemonSet
批处理任务：Job和CronJob
有状态后台服务：StatefulSet

根据运行方式可以分为：

声明式：Deployment、CronJob，使用apply启动
命令式：Pod、ReplicaSet、DaemonSet、Job，使用create启动。

4.1 ReplicaSet

ReplicaSet 资源能够确保Pod的副本数保持在用户期望的值，当容器异常退出时会自动创建新的Pod，反之则删除。
ReplicaSet控制器通过匹配Pod的标签获取自己所管理的Pod，维持所管理的标签的Pod副本数目。ReplicaSet拥有集合式的标签选择器，它被设计成能控制多个不同标签的Pod副本，例如应用APP发布了V1和V2两个版本，用户希望APP的Pod副本数保持固定，并且允许同时包含V1和V2版本的Pod，就可以用ReplicaSet来实现控制。

编写YAML文件，通过app: tomcat标签将ReplicaSet与Pod资源关联：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# cat replicaset.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1              # API版本
kind: ReplicaSet                 # 资源类型
metadata:
  name: tomcat-replicaset        # RS资源名称       
spec:
  replicas: 3                    # Pod副本数目
  selector: 
    matchLabels: 
      app: tomcat                # 关联Pod标签
  template: 
    # 以下是配置Pod资源，可以看做ReplicaSet嵌套了关联的Pod资源 
    metadata: 
      name: tomcat-pod           # Pod资源名称
      labels: 
        app: tomcat              # Pod资源标签
    spec: 
      containers: 
      - name: demo-tomcat        # Pod容器名称
        image: tomcat:8.0        # Pod容器镜像
        imagePullPolicy: Never   # 镜像下载模式
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 8080    # Pod内容器服务端口
          protocol: TCP          # 端口服务类型
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

创建RS资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl apply -f replicaset.yaml 
replicaset.apps/tomcat-replicaset created
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

查看ReplicaSet和对应Pod的资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get rs,pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME                                DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE    CONTAINERS    IMAGES       SELECTOR     LABELS
replicaset.apps/tomcat-replicaset   3         3         3       2m7s   demo-tomcat   tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat   <none>

NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE    IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS
pod/tomcat-replicaset-dxddd   1/1     Running   0          2m7s   10.244.2.44   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat
pod/tomcat-replicaset-mf9c2   1/1     Running   0          2m7s   10.244.2.43   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat
pod/tomcat-replicaset-z5qpp   1/1     Running   0          2m7s   10.244.1.54   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

删除ReplicaSet资源并且保留Pod资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl delete -f replicaset.yaml --cascade=false
replicaset.apps "tomcat-replicaset" deleted
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# 
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get rs,pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS
pod/tomcat-replicaset-dxddd   1/1     Running   0          12m   10.244.2.44   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat
pod/tomcat-replicaset-mf9c2   1/1     Running   0          12m   10.244.2.43   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat
pod/tomcat-replicaset-z5qpp   1/1     Running   0          12m   10.244.1.54   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

删除ReplicaSet和对应Pod的资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl delete -f replicaset.yaml 
replicaset.apps "tomcat-replicaset" deleted
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

4.2 Deployment

确保Pod的副本数保持在用户期望的值，当容器异常退出时会自动创建新的Pod，反之则删除。Deployment控制器除了包含ReplicaSet的功能，还具有滚动升级、回滚应用、扩缩容、暂停和继续功能。
Deployment控制器可以设置升级策略：Recreate重建、RollingUpdate滚动更新，其中滚动更新包含两个参数maxUnavailabe指定更新过程中可用状态的Pod数量上限、maxSurge指定更新过程中Pod总数超过副本期望部分的最大值。
Alt

编写YAML文件，通过app: tomcat标签将Deployment、ReplicaSet与Pod资源关联：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# cat deployment.yaml 
apiVersion: apps/v1              # API版本
kind: Deployment                 # 资源类型
metadata:
  name: tomcat-deployment        # Deployment资源名称       
spec:
  strategy:                      # Pod更新策略
    type: RollingUpdate          # RollingUpdate滚动更新/Recreate重建
    rollingUpdate:               # RollingUpdate滚动更新时副本数目策略 
      maxUnavailable: 2
      maxSurge: 0
  # 以下配置与ReplicaSet.spec资源配置相同
  replicas: 6                    # Pod副本数目
  selector: 
    matchLabels: 
      app: tomcat                # 关联Pod标签
  template: 
    metadata: 
      name: tomcat-pod           # Pod资源名称
      labels: 
        app: tomcat              # Pod资源标签
    spec: 
      containers: 
      - name: tomcat             # Pod容器名称
        image: tomcat:8.0        # Pod容器镜像
        imagePullPolicy: Never   # 容器下载模式
        ports: 
        - containerPort: 8080    # Pod内容器服务端口
          protocol: TCP          # 端口服务类型
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

创建Deployment资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml 
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment created
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

查看Deployment、ReplicaSet和对应Pod的资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get deploy,rs,pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR     LABELS
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment   6/6     6            6           15s   tomcat       tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat   <none>

NAME                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR                                  LABELS
replicaset.apps/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944   6         6         6       15s   tomcat       tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944

NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-68wv5   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.2.46   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-dzf92   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.2.47   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-m6j2v   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.2.45   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-mw8hh   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.1.57   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-tqldt   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.1.56   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-vw4jj   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.1.55   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

对副本进行扩容/缩容

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl scale deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment --replicas 10
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment scaled
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# 
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get pod -o wide
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-4sjfj   1/1     Running   0          8s    10.244.1.59   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-68wv5   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.2.46   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-8s54r   1/1     Running   0          8s    10.244.2.48   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-dzf92   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.2.47   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-hl824   1/1     Running   0          8s    10.244.2.49   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-lzg9c   1/1     Running   0          8s    10.244.1.58   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-m6j2v   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.2.45   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-mw8hh   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.1.57   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-tqldt   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.1.56   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>
tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-vw4jj   1/1     Running   0          10m   10.244.1.55   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

对服务版本进行滚动更新，将镜像从tomcat:8.0更新到tomcat:6.0：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl set image deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment tomcat=tomcat:6.0
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment image updated
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# 
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get deploy,rs,pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR     LABELS
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment   10/10   10           10          61s   tomcat       tomcat:6.0   app=tomcat   <none>

NAME                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE   CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR                                  LABELS
replicaset.apps/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6   10        10        10      25s   tomcat       tomcat:6.0   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
replicaset.apps/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944   0         0         0       61s   tomcat       tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944

NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE   IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-4xm6c   1/1     Running   0          17s   10.244.2.75   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-6mb4c   1/1     Running   0          25s   10.244.1.87   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-g7nb5   1/1     Running   0          21s   10.244.1.89   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-km7bf   1/1     Running   0          23s   10.244.1.88   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-kt54w   1/1     Running   0          24s   10.244.2.73   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-kzx56   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.1.92   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-mgg2d   1/1     Running   0          15s   10.244.1.91   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-n2d9k   1/1     Running   0          17s   10.244.2.74   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-nplcm   1/1     Running   0          20s   10.244.1.90   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
pod/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6-nrl9w   1/1     Running   0          25s   10.244.2.72   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

对服务版本进行回滚，将镜像从tomcat:6.0还原回tomcat:8.0：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl rollout undo deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment rolled back
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# 
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl get deploy,rs,pod -o wide --show-labels
NAME                                READY   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR     LABELS
deployment.apps/tomcat-deployment   10/10   10           10          6m47s   tomcat       tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat   <none>

NAME                                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE     CONTAINERS   IMAGES       SELECTOR                                  LABELS
replicaset.apps/tomcat-deployment-5dddc7f6b6   0         0         0       6m11s   tomcat       tomcat:6.0   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=5dddc7f6b6
replicaset.apps/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944   10        10        10      6m47s   tomcat       tomcat:8.0   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944   app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944

NAME                                     READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE     IP            NODE             NOMINATED NODE   READINESS GATES   LABELS
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-6hh5w   1/1     Running   0          2m13s   10.244.1.95   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-6hjxj   1/1     Running   0          2m12s   10.244.2.79   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-9hp95   1/1     Running   0          2m8s    10.244.1.96   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-dk2jt   1/1     Running   0          2m16s   10.244.2.78   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-fkhrb   1/1     Running   0          2m19s   10.244.1.93   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-jc8vw   1/1     Running   0          2m18s   10.244.2.77   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-pfqxk   1/1     Running   0          2m16s   10.244.1.94   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-pm6rg   1/1     Running   0          2m8s    10.244.2.80   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-pxf5b   1/1     Running   0          2m6s    10.244.1.97   k8sworker43-21   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944
pod/tomcat-deployment-7fbcf7c944-vnvjl   1/1     Running   0          2m19s   10.244.2.76   k8sworker43-22   <none>           <none>            app=tomcat,pod-template-hash=7fbcf7c944

删除Deployment、ReplicaSet和对应Pod的资源：

[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]# kubectl delete -f deployment.yaml 
deployment.apps "tomcat-deployment" deleted
[root@k8smaster43-11 CSDN]#

对于滚动更新，不同的参数设置可以实现不同的更新效果：

# 先启动一个新Pod，再停止一个旧Pod，直到所以Pod都更新完
strategy:
  rollingUpdate:
    maxSurge: 1
    maxUnavailable: 0
  type: RollingUpdate

# 先停止一个旧Pod，再启动一个新Pod，直到所以Pod都更新完
strategy:
  rollingUpdate:
    maxSurge: 0
    maxUnavailable: 1
  type: RollingUpdate

# 停25%旧Pod、启动25%新Pod，直到所以Pod都更新完
strategy:
  type: RollingUpdate
  rollingUpdate:
    maxSurge: 25%
    maxUnavailable: 25%