静态断言static_assert

静态断言

静态断言用来在编译阶段发现不符合预期的问题，并给出自定义的错误信息。

_Static_assert 是 C11 中引入的关键字。 static_assert 是 C11 中引入的宏，它映射到 _Static_assert 关键字。它们可用于全局或函数范围。
C++11标准新引入的static_assert功能可以实现静态断言。

static_assert相关代码在 C 和 C++ 中均适用。

PG中静态断言宏，支持所有版本C/C++

/*
 * Macros to support compile-time assertion checks.
 *
 * If the "condition" (a compile-time-constant expression) evaluates to false,
 * throw a compile error using the "errmessage" (a string literal).
 *
 * gcc 4.6 and up supports _Static_assert(), but there are bizarre syntactic
 * placement restrictions.  Macros StaticAssertStmt() and StaticAssertExpr()
 * make it safe to use as a statement or in an expression, respectively.
 * The macro StaticAssertDecl() is suitable for use at file scope (outside of
 * any function).
 *
 * Otherwise we fall back on a kluge that assumes the compiler will complain
 * about a negative width for a struct bit-field.  This will not include a
 * helpful error message, but it beats not getting an error at all.
 */
#ifndef __cplusplus
#ifdef HAVE__STATIC_ASSERT
#define StaticAssertStmt(condition, errmessage) \
	do { _Static_assert(condition, errmessage); } while(0)
#define StaticAssertExpr(condition, errmessage) \
	((void) ({ StaticAssertStmt(condition, errmessage); true; }))
#define StaticAssertDecl(condition, errmessage) \
	_Static_assert(condition, errmessage)
#else							/* !HAVE__STATIC_ASSERT */
#define StaticAssertStmt(condition, errmessage) \
	((void) sizeof(struct { int static_assert_failure : (condition) ? 1 : -1; }))
#define StaticAssertExpr(condition, errmessage) \
	StaticAssertStmt(condition, errmessage)
#define StaticAssertDecl(condition, errmessage) \
	extern void static_assert_func(int static_assert_failure[(condition) ? 1 : -1])
#endif							/* HAVE__STATIC_ASSERT */
#else							/* C++ */
#if defined(__cpp_static_assert) && __cpp_static_assert >= 200410
#define StaticAssertStmt(condition, errmessage) \
	static_assert(condition, errmessage)
#define StaticAssertExpr(condition, errmessage) \
	({ static_assert(condition, errmessage); })
#define StaticAssertDecl(condition, errmessage) \
	static_assert(condition, errmessage)
#else							/* !__cpp_static_assert */
#define StaticAssertStmt(condition, errmessage) \
	do { struct static_assert_struct { int static_assert_failure : (condition) ? 1 : -1; }; } while(0)
#define StaticAssertExpr(condition, errmessage) \
	((void) ({ StaticAssertStmt(condition, errmessage); }))
#define StaticAssertDecl(condition, errmessage) \
	extern void static_assert_func(int static_assert_failure[(condition) ? 1 : -1])
#endif							/* __cpp_static_assert */
#endif							/* C++ */

参考：
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/cpp/static-assert?view=msvc-170
https://docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-language/static-assert-c?view=msvc-160