static_assert

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-04 19:36:35 发布

rosemary512

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-04 19:36:35 发布

阅读量334

点赞数

分类专栏： C++语言特性

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/rosemary512/article/details/111086421

版权

C++语言特性专栏收录该内容

18 篇文章 1 订阅

订阅专栏

static_assert声明

进行编译时语言检查

语法

static_assert(布尔常量表达式, 消息)	c++11起
static_assert(布尔常量表达式)	c++17起

解释

布尔常量表达式 - 按语境转换成bool类型的常量表达式

消息 - 当布尔常量表达式为false时,将出现的可选的字符串字面量

static_assert可出现在命名空间和作用域中(作为块声明), 也可以在类体中(作为成员声明)

若布尔常量表达式为true时,则此声明无效果,否则发布编译时错误,若存在消息, 则诊断消息中包含其文本

注解

因为消息必须是字符串字面量, 所以它不能容纳动态信息.乃至自身并非字符串字面量的常量表达式.特别是它不能容纳模板类型实参的名字

示例:

#include <iostream>
#include <type_traits>

template <class T>
void swap(T& a, T& b) {
    static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value,
                "Swap requires copying");
    static_assert(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<T>::value &&
                    std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<T>::value,    
                "Swap requires nothrow copy/assign");
    auto c = b;
    b = a;
    a = c;
}

template <class T>
struct data_structure
{
    static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<T>::value,
    "Data Structure requires default-constructible elements");
};

struct no_copy
{
    no_copy(const no_copy&) = delete;
    no_copy () = default;
};

struct no_default
{
    no_default() = delete;
};

int main() {
    int a, b;
    swap(a, b);

    no_copy nc_a, nc_b;
    swap(nc_a, nc_b); // 1

    data_structure<int> ds_ok;
    data_structure<no_default> ds_error; // 2
}

运行结果

/home/program/workspace/cpp/static_assert/main.cpp:19:5: error: static assertion failed: Data Structure requires default-constructible elements
     static_assert(std::is_default_constructible<T>::value,
     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/program/workspace/cpp/static_assert/main.cpp: In instantiation of ‘void swap(T&, T&) [with T = no_copy]’:
/home/program/workspace/cpp/static_assert/main.cpp:39:20:   required from here
/home/program/workspace/cpp/static_assert/main.cpp:6:5: error: static assertion failed: Swap requires copying
     static_assert(std::is_copy_constructible<T>::value,
     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/program/workspace/cpp/static_assert/main.cpp:8:5: error: static assertion failed: Swap requires nothrow copy/assign
     static_assert(std::is_nothrow_copy_constructible<T>::value &&
     ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/program/workspace/cpp/static_assert/main.cpp:11:10: error: use of deleted function ‘no_copy::no_copy(const no_copy&)’
     auto c = b;
          ^