BigDecimal的8种round舍入模式

写段代码，用一个数字（正数或负数），依次使用8种不同的模式，看i参数

    public static void demo(BigDecimal bigDecimal, int scale){
        System.out.println();
        System.out.print(bigDecimal.toString()+"\t");
        //循环使用8种舍入模式
        for (int i =0 ;i<8;i++){
            try{
                System.out.print(bigDecimal.setScale(scale,i)+"\t");
            }catch (Exception e){
                System.out.printf(e.getMessage());
            }

        }
    }

然后尽可能造多个不同的数字，默认保留0位小数，即scale为0，依次调用上面的demo方法：

        BigDecimal aa = new BigDecimal("3.300");
        BigDecimal bb = new BigDecimal("3.344");
        BigDecimal cc = new BigDecimal("3.355");
        BigDecimal dd = new BigDecimal("3.356");
        BigDecimal ee = new BigDecimal("3.366");
        BigDecimal ff = new BigDecimal("3.512");
        BigDecimal gg = new BigDecimal("3.561");
        BigDecimal hh = new BigDecimal("3.169");
        BigDecimal ii = new BigDecimal("3.000");
        BigDecimal jj = new BigDecimal("3.001");
        BigDecimal ll = new BigDecimal("3.500");
        BigDecimal mm = new BigDecimal("4.500");

        BigDecimal aa1 = new BigDecimal("-3.300");
        BigDecimal bb1 = new BigDecimal("-3.344");
        BigDecimal cc1 = new BigDecimal("-3.355");
        BigDecimal dd1 = new BigDecimal("-3.356");
        BigDecimal ee1 = new BigDecimal("-3.366");
        BigDecimal ff1 = new BigDecimal("-3.512");
        BigDecimal gg1 = new BigDecimal("-3.561");
        BigDecimal hh1 = new BigDecimal("-3.169");
        BigDecimal ii1 = new BigDecimal("-3.000");
        BigDecimal jj1 = new BigDecimal("-3.001");
        BigDecimal ll1 = new BigDecimal("-3.500");
        BigDecimal mm1 = new BigDecimal("-4.500");
        demo(aa,0);
        demo(bb,0);
        demo(cc,0);
        demo(dd,0);
        demo(ee,0);
        demo(ff,0);
        demo(gg,0);
        demo(hh,0);
        demo(ii,0);
        demo(jj,0);
        demo(ll,0);
        demo(mm,0);
        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------");
        demo(aa1,0);
        demo(bb1,0);
        demo(cc1,0);
        demo(dd1,0);
        demo(ee1,0);
        demo(ff1,0);
        demo(gg1,0);
        demo(hh1,0);
        demo(ii1,0);
        demo(jj1,0);
        demo(ll1,0);
        demo(mm1,0);

控制台输出（格式化后的）：

1、正数：

 			
   	值  	ROUND_UP		ROUND_DOWN 			ROUND_CEILING 		ROUND_FLOOR 		ROUND_HALF_UP		ROUND_HALF_DOWN 	ROUND_HALF_EVEN  	ROUND_UNNECESSARY
 3.300		4		 		3		 			4		 			3		 			3		 			3		 			3					Rounding necessary
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.344		4		 		3		 			4		 			3		 			3		 			3		 			3					Rounding necessary
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.355		4		 		3		 			4		 			3		 			3		 			3		 			3					Rounding necessary
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.356		4		 		3		 			4		 			3		 			3		 			3		 			3					Rounding necessary
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.366		4		 		3		 			4		 			3		 			3		 			3		 			3					Rounding necessary
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.512		4		 		3		 			4		 			3		 			4		 			4		 			4					Rounding necessary
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.561		4		 		3		 			4		 			3		 			4		 			4		 			4					Rounding necessary
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.169		4		 		3		 			4		 			3		 			3		 			3		 			3					Rounding necessary
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.000		3		 		3		 			3		 			3		 			3		 			3		 			3					3	
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.001		4		 		3		 			4		 			3		 			3		 			3		 			3					Rounding necessary
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 3.500		4				3					4					3					4					3					4					Rounding necessary
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 4.500		5				4					5					4					5					4					4					Rounding necessary

2、负数 

 	值  	ROUND_UP		ROUND_DOWN 			ROUND_CEILING 		ROUND_FLOOR 		ROUND_HALF_UP		ROUND_HALF_DOWN 	ROUND_HALF_EVEN  	ROUND_UNNECESSARY
-3.300		-4				-3					-3					-4					-3					-3					-3					Rounding necessary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-3.344		-4				-3					-3					-4					-3					-3					-3					Rounding necessary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-3.355		-4				-3					-3					-4					-3					-3					-3					Rounding necessary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-3.356		-4				-3					-3					-4					-3					-3					-3					Rounding necessary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-3.366		-4				-3					-3					-4					-3					-3					-3					Rounding necessary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-3.512		-4				-3					-3					-4					-4					-4					-4					Rounding necessary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-3.561		-4				-3					-3					-4					-4					-4					-4					Rounding necessary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-3.169		-4				-3					-3					-4					-3					-3					-3					Rounding necessary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-3.000		-3				-3					-3					-3					-3					-3					-3					-3	
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-3.001		-4				-3					-3					-4					-3					-3					-3					Rounding necessary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-3.500		-4				-3					-3					-4					-4					-3					-4					Rounding necessary
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-4.500		-5				-4					-4					-5					-5					-4					-4					Rounding necessary

每种模式分别介绍下：

零、无论是正数还是负数都是往0以外的方向

    /**
     * Rounding mode to round away from zero.  Always increments the
     * digit prior to a nonzero discarded fraction.  Note that this rounding
     * mode never decreases the magnitude of the calculated value.
     */
    public final static int ROUND_UP =           0;

一、无论是正数还是负数都是往0的方向

    /**
     * Rounding mode to round towards zero.  Never increments the digit
     * prior to a discarded fraction (i.e., truncates).  Note that this
     * rounding mode never increases the magnitude of the calculated value.
     */
    public final static int ROUND_DOWN =         1;

二、区分正负数，正数变大，负数也是变大

    /**
     * Rounding mode to round towards positive infinity.  If the
     * {@code BigDecimal} is positive, behaves as for
     * {@code ROUND_UP}; if negative, behaves as for
     * {@code ROUND_DOWN}.  Note that this rounding mode never
     * decreases the calculated value.
     */
    public final static int ROUND_CEILING =      2;

三、区分正负数，正数变小，负数也是变小

    /**
     * Rounding mode to round towards negative infinity.  If the
     * {@code BigDecimal} is positive, behave as for
     * {@code ROUND_DOWN}; if negative, behave as for
     * {@code ROUND_UP}.  Note that this rounding mode never
     * increases the calculated value.
     */
    public final static int ROUND_FLOOR =        3;

四、正数小数位大于等于0.5则变大，负数小数位大于等于0.5则变小，注意这里是包含0.5

    /**
     * Rounding mode to round towards {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
     * unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round up.
     * Behaves as for {@code ROUND_UP} if the discarded fraction is
     * ≥ 0.5; otherwise, behaves as for {@code ROUND_DOWN}.  Note
     * that this is the rounding mode that most of us were taught in
     * grade school.
     */
    public final static int ROUND_HALF_UP =      4;

五、正数小数位大于0.5则变大，负数小数位大于0.5则变小，注意这里是不包含0.5

    /**
     * Rounding mode to round towards {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
     * unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round
     * down.  Behaves as for {@code ROUND_UP} if the discarded
     * fraction is {@literal >} 0.5; otherwise, behaves as for
     * {@code ROUND_DOWN}.
     */
    public final static int ROUND_HALF_DOWN =    5;

六、此舍入模式也称为“银行家舍入法”，主要在美国使用。四舍六入，五分两种情况。如果前一位为奇数，则入位，否则舍去。

3.5->4但是4.5>4，因为3是奇数，4是偶数

    /**
     * Rounding mode to round towards the {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
     * unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, round
     * towards the even neighbor.  Behaves as for
     * {@code ROUND_HALF_UP} if the digit to the left of the
     * discarded fraction is odd; behaves as for
     * {@code ROUND_HALF_DOWN} if it's even.  Note that this is the
     * rounding mode that minimizes cumulative error when applied
     * repeatedly over a sequence of calculations.
     */
    public final static int ROUND_HALF_EVEN =    6;

七、断言是有精度的，如果没有会报异常

    /**
     * Rounding mode to assert that the requested operation has an exact
     * result, hence no rounding is necessary.  If this rounding mode is
     * specified on an operation that yields an inexact result, an
     * {@code ArithmeticException} is thrown.
     */
    public final static int ROUND_UNNECESSARY =  7;