javaSE-常用类-String

String类

字符串是一个特殊的对象。
字符串一旦初始化就不可以被改变。
String str = “abc”;
String str1 = new String(“abc”);
有什么区别 ？

@Test
	public void test(){

		/*
		 * 字符串String
		 * 1,字符串是常量，一旦初始化，就不可以被改变。
		 */
		String s="abc";
		System.err.println(s);
		s=s+"d";
		System.err.println(s);
		String s2="xxx";
		String s3=s2;
		String s4=new String(s2);
		System.err.println(s2==s3);//true
		System.err.println(s4==s3);//false
	}

以上输出结果分别是abc和abcd  但是内存中字符串常量没有改变 只是s的引用指向了不同的常量

一旦new 就会在内存中开辟新的内存空间  所有s2和s3的引用指向了同一个常量 所有s2=s3 s4!=s3

String类部分方法

char charAt(int index)
int length()
char[] to CharArray();
int indexOf(String str);
boolean endsWith(String str);
String[] split(String reg);
String substring(int index);
String(char[] arr);

public static void main(String[] args) {

		/*
		 * 字符串的功能： "abcde"; 1,字符个数。int 无参数 int length();
		 * 
		 * 2,查找一个字符出现的位置。如果没有这个字符呢？返回-1. int char indexOf lastIndexOf
		 * 
		 * 3,根据位置获取字符。如果没有该位置呢？ char int char charAt(index);
		 * 
		 * 4,将字符串转成大写。 String toUpperCase();
		 * 
		 * 5,判断字符串的开头，结尾。 boolean startWith(string); boolean endsWith(string);
		 * 
		 * 6,字符串中是否包含指定字符串。 boolean contains(string);
		 * 
		 * 7,截取一部分字符串。 String substring(int start,int end)
		 * 
		 * 
		 * 8,将字符串中的c替换成n。如果字符串中没有c呢？ string replace(char char)
		 * 
		 * 思考：字符串可以比大小吗？ 记住基本数值比较大小用比较运算符 > < 大写比较大小使用的是方法 其中一个就是
		 * compareTo();返回的是 正数 负数0.
		 */
		String str = "abcdeabc";
		// 1,获取a字母出现的位置。
		System.out.println("indexOf('a')=" + str.indexOf('a'));// 0
		System.out.println("lastindexOf('a')=" + str.lastIndexOf('a'));// 5

		// 2,获取角标3上的字符。
		// System.out.println("charAt(3)="+str.charAt(30));//d//StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

		// 3,将字符串转成大写
		String s1 = str.toUpperCase();
		System.out.println("uppercase=" + s1);// ABCDEABC

		// 4,该字符串是否已Demo开头，是否以.java结束。
		boolean b1 = str.endsWith(".java");
		boolean b2 = str.startsWith("Demo");

		// 5,该字符串中是否包含cd字符串。
		System.out.println("contains(\"cd\")=" + str.contains("cd"));// true

		// 6,截取2,5之间的字符串。
		System.out.println("substring(2,5)=" + str.substring(2, 5));// cde

		// 7,将字符串中的a替换成k。
		System.out.println("replace('a','k')=" + str.replace('a', 'k'));// kbcdekbc

		// 8,字符串比较大小。
		System.out.println("compareTo(\"aaa\")=" + str.compareTo("abc"));
	}

凡是返回值有三种情况 如大于小于i等于 返回值一定是整数的   对象比较用方法 基本类型用><

• Field Summary

  Fields  

  Modifier and Type	Field and Description
  static Comparator<String>	CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER A Comparator that orders  String objects as by  compareToIgnoreCase.

• Constructor Summary

  Constructors  

  Constructor and Description
  String() Initializes a newly created  String object so that it represents an empty character sequence.
  String(byte[] bytes) Constructs a new  String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the platform's default charset.
  String(byte[] bytes, Charset charset) Constructs a new  String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the specified  charset.
  String(byte[] ascii, int hibyte) Deprecated.  This method does not properly convert bytes into characters. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the String constructors that take a Charset, charset name, or that use the platform's default charset.
  String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length) Constructs a new  String by decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the platform's default charset.
  String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length, Charset charset) Constructs a new  String by decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the specified  charset.
  String(byte[] ascii, int hibyte, int offset, int count) Deprecated.  This method does not properly convert bytes into characters. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the String constructors that take a Charset, charset name, or that use the platform's default charset.
  String(byte[] bytes, int offset, int length, String charsetName) Constructs a new  String by decoding the specified subarray of bytes using the specified charset.
  String(byte[] bytes, String charsetName) Constructs a new  String by decoding the specified array of bytes using the specified  charset.
  String(char[] value) Allocates a new  String so that it represents the sequence of characters currently contained in the character array argument.
  String(char[] value, int offset, int count) Allocates a new  String that contains characters from a subarray of the character array argument.
  String(int[] codePoints, int offset, int count) Allocates a new  String that contains characters from a subarray of the  Unicode code point array argument.
  String(String original) Initializes a newly created  String object so that it represents the same sequence of characters as the argument; in other words, the newly created string is a copy of the argument string.
  String(StringBuffer buffer) Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string buffer argument.
  String(StringBuilder builder) Allocates a new string that contains the sequence of characters currently contained in the string builder argument.

• Method Summary

  Methods  

  Modifier and Type	Method and Description
  char	charAt(int index) Returns the  char value at the specified index.
  int	codePointAt(int index) Returns the character (Unicode code point) at the specified index.
  int	codePointBefore(int index) Returns the character (Unicode code point) before the specified index.
  int	codePointCount(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Returns the number of Unicode code points in the specified text range of this  String.
  int	compareTo(String anotherString) Compares two strings lexicographically.
  int	compareToIgnoreCase(String str) Compares two strings lexicographically, ignoring case differences.
  String	concat(String str) Concatenates the specified string to the end of this string.
  boolean	contains(CharSequence s) Returns true if and only if this string contains the specified sequence of char values.
  boolean	contentEquals(CharSequence cs) Compares this string to the specified  CharSequence.
  boolean	contentEquals(StringBuffer sb) Compares this string to the specified  StringBuffer.
  static String	copyValueOf(char[] data) Returns a String that represents the character sequence in the array specified.
  static String	copyValueOf(char[] data, int offset, int count) Returns a String that represents the character sequence in the array specified.
  boolean	endsWith(String suffix) Tests if this string ends with the specified suffix.
  boolean	equals(Object anObject) Compares this string to the specified object.
  boolean	equalsIgnoreCase(String anotherString) Compares this  String to another  String, ignoring case considerations.
  static String	format(Locale l, String format, Object... args) Returns a formatted string using the specified locale, format string, and arguments.
  static String	format(String format, Object... args) Returns a formatted string using the specified format string and arguments.
  byte[]	getBytes() Encodes this  String into a sequence of bytes using the platform's default charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
  byte[]	getBytes(Charset charset) Encodes this  String into a sequence of bytes using the given  charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
  void	getBytes(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, byte[] dst, int dstBegin) Deprecated.  This method does not properly convert characters into bytes. As of JDK 1.1, the preferred way to do this is via the getBytes() method, which uses the platform's default charset.
  byte[]	getBytes(String charsetName) Encodes this  String into a sequence of bytes using the named charset, storing the result into a new byte array.
  void	getChars(int srcBegin, int srcEnd, char[] dst, int dstBegin) Copies characters from this string into the destination character array.
  int	hashCode() Returns a hash code for this string.
  int	indexOf(int ch) Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character.
  int	indexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified character, starting the search at the specified index.
  int	indexOf(String str) Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring.
  int	indexOf(String str, int fromIndex) Returns the index within this string of the first occurrence of the specified substring, starting at the specified index.
  String	intern() Returns a canonical representation for the string object.
  boolean	isEmpty() Returns  true if, and only if,  length() is  0.
  int	lastIndexOf(int ch) Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character.
  int	lastIndexOf(int ch, int fromIndex) Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified character, searching backward starting at the specified index.
  int	lastIndexOf(String str) Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring.
  int	lastIndexOf(String str, int fromIndex) Returns the index within this string of the last occurrence of the specified substring, searching backward starting at the specified index.
  int	length() Returns the length of this string.
  boolean	matches(String regex) Tells whether or not this string matches the given  regular expression.
  int	offsetByCodePoints(int index, int codePointOffset) Returns the index within this  String that is offset from the given  index by  codePointOffset code points.
  boolean	regionMatches(boolean ignoreCase, int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len) Tests if two string regions are equal.
  boolean	regionMatches(int toffset, String other, int ooffset, int len) Tests if two string regions are equal.
  String	replace(char oldChar, char newChar) Returns a new string resulting from replacing all occurrences of  oldChar in this string with  newChar.
  String	replace(CharSequence target, CharSequence replacement) Replaces each substring of this string that matches the literal target sequence with the specified literal replacement sequence.
  String	replaceAll(String regex, String replacement) Replaces each substring of this string that matches the given  regular expression with the given replacement.
  String	replaceFirst(String regex, String replacement) Replaces the first substring of this string that matches the given  regular expression with the given replacement.
  String[]	split(String regex) Splits this string around matches of the given  regular expression.
  String[]	split(String regex, int limit) Splits this string around matches of the given  regular expression.
  boolean	startsWith(String prefix) Tests if this string starts with the specified prefix.
  boolean	startsWith(String prefix, int toffset) Tests if the substring of this string beginning at the specified index starts with the specified prefix.
  CharSequence	subSequence(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Returns a new character sequence that is a subsequence of this sequence.
  String	substring(int beginIndex) Returns a new string that is a substring of this string.
  String	substring(int beginIndex, int endIndex) Returns a new string that is a substring of this string.
  char[]	toCharArray() Converts this string to a new character array.
  String	toLowerCase() Converts all of the characters in this  String to lower case using the rules of the default locale.
  String	toLowerCase(Locale locale) Converts all of the characters in this  String to lower case using the rules of the given  Locale.
  String	toString() This object (which is already a string!) is itself returned.
  String	toUpperCase() Converts all of the characters in this  String to upper case using the rules of the default locale.
  String	toUpperCase(Locale locale) Converts all of the characters in this  String to upper case using the rules of the given  Locale.
  String	trim() Returns a copy of the string, with leading and trailing whitespace omitted.
  static String	valueOf(boolean b) Returns the string representation of the  boolean argument.
  static String	valueOf(char c) Returns the string representation of the  char argument.
  static String	valueOf(char[] data) Returns the string representation of the  char array argument.
  static String	valueOf(char[] data, int offset, int count) Returns the string representation of a specific subarray of the  char array argument.
  static String	valueOf(double d) Returns the string representation of the  double argument.
  static String	valueOf(float f) Returns the string representation of the  float argument.
  static String	valueOf(int i) Returns the string representation of the  int argument.
  static String	valueOf(long l) Returns the string representation of the  long argument.
  static String	valueOf(Object obj) Returns the string representation of the  Object argument.