设计模式之责任链模式

设计模式之责任链模式

    责任链模式的定义：Avoid coupling the sender of a request to its receiver by giving more than one object a chance to handle the request. Chain the receiving objects and pass the request along the chain until an object handles it.(使多个对象都有机会处理请求，从而避免了请求的发送者和接受者之间的耦合关系。将这些对象连成一条链，并沿着这条链传递该请求，直到有对象处理该请求为止)

    责任链模式的重点在“链”上，由一条链去处理相似的请求在链中决定谁来处理这个请求，并返回相应的结果。“链”是由多个处理者CpncreteHandler组成的。

通用类图

通用代码

抽象处理者

public abstract class Handler {
	private Handler nextHandler;
	public final Response handlMessage(Request request){
		Response response=null;
		if(this.getHandlerLevel().equals(request.getRequestLevel())){
			response=this.echo(request);
		}else{
			if(this.nextHandler!=null){
				response=this.nextHandler.handleMessage(request);
			}else{
				
			}
		}
		return response;
	}
	
	public void setNext(Handler _handler){
		this.nextHandler=_handler;
	}
	protected abstract Level getHandlerLevel();
	protected abstract Response echo(Request request);
}

具体处理者

public class ConcreteHandler1 extends Handler{
	protected Response echo(Request request){
		return null;
	}
	protected Level getHandlerLevel(){
		return null;
	}
}

public class ConcreteHandler2 extends Handler{
	protected Response echo(Request request){
		return null;
	}
	protected Level getHandlerLevel(){
		return null;
	}
}

public class ConcreteHandler3 extends Handler{
	protected Response echo(Request request){
		return null;
	}
	protected Level getHandlerLevel(){
		return null;
	}
}

有关代码框架

public class Level {

}

public class Request {
	public Level getRequestLevel(){
		return null;
	}
	public class Response;
}

public class Response {

}

场景类

public class Client {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Handler handle1=new ConcreteHandler1();
		Handler handle2=new ConcreteHandler2();
		Handler handle3=new ConcreteHandler3();
		handle1.setNext(handle2);
		handle2.setNext(handle3);
		Response response=handle1.handlMessage(new Request());
	}
}

    责任链模式的优点：将请求和处理分开，请求者可以不必知道是谁处理的，处理者可以不用知道请求的全貌，两者解耦，提高系统的灵活性。

    责任链模式的缺点：一是性能问题，每个请求都是从链表头遍历到链表尾，特别是链表比较长的时候，性能是一个非常大的问题；二是调试不方便，特别是链表比较长，环节比较多的时候，由于采用了类似递归的方式，调试的时候可能逻辑比较复杂。

注意事项

    链中节点的数量需要控制，避免出现超长链的情况，一般做法是在Handler中设置一个最大的节点数量，在setNext()方法中判断是否已经是超过其阈值，超过则不允许建立，避免无意识的破坏系统性能。

例子：古代妇女三从四德

女性接口

public interface IWoman {
	public int getType();
	public String getRequest();
}

古代妇女

public class Women implements IWoman{
	private int type=0;
	
	private String request="";
	
	public Women(int _type,String _request){
		this.type=_type;
		switch(this.type){
		case 1:
			this.request="女儿的请求是："+_request;
			break;
		case 2:
			this.request="妻子的请求是："+_request;
			break;
		case 3:
			this.request="母亲的请求是："+_request;
			break;
		}
	}
	public int getType(){
		return this.type;
	}
	public String getRequest(){
		return this.request;
	}
}

Handler类

public abstract class Handler {
	public final static int FATHER_LEVEL_REQUEST=1;
	public final static int HUSBAND_LEVEL_REQUEST=1;
	public final static int SON_LEVEL_REQUEST=1;
	
	private int level=0;
	
	private Handler nextHandler;
	
	public Handler(int _level){
		this.level=_level;
	}
	
	public final void HandleMessage(IWoman woman){
		if(woman.getType()==this.level){
			this.response(woman);
		}else{
			if(this.nextHandler!=null){
				this.nextHandler.HandleMessage(woman);
			}else{
				System.out.println("没地方请示了");
			}
		}
	}
	
	public void setNext(Handler _handler){
		this.nextHandler=_handler;
	}
	protected abstract void response(IWoman woman);
}

父亲类

public class Father extends Handler{
	public Father(){
		super(Handler.FATHER_LEVEL_REQUEST);
	}
	protected void response(IWoman woman){
		System.out.println("向父亲请示");
		System.out.println(woman.getRequest());
		System.out.println("父亲同意");
	}
}

丈夫类

public class Husband extends Handler{
	public Husband(){
		super(Handler.HUSBAND_LEVEL_REQUEST);
	}
	protected void response(IWoman woman){
		System.out.println("向丈夫请示");
		System.out.println(woman.getRequest());
		System.out.println("丈夫同意");
	}
}

儿子类

public class Son extends Handler{
	public Son(){
		super(Handler.SON_LEVEL_REQUEST);
	}
	protected void response(IWoman woman){
		System.out.println("向儿子请示");
		System.out.println(woman.getRequest());
		System.out.println("儿子同意");
	}
}

场景类

public class Client {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		Random rand=new Random();
		ArrayList<IWoman> arrayList=new ArrayList();
		for(int i=0;i<5;++i){
			arrayList.add(new Women(rand.nextInt(4),"我要逛街"));
		}
		
		Handler father=new Father();
		Handler husband=new Husband();
		Handler son=new Son();
		
		father.setNext(husband);
		husband.setNext(son);
		for(IWoman women:arrayList){
			father.HandleMessage(women);
		}	
	}
}