计网homework

计网一些课后作业的答案，总结如下：

1.1 List the available residential access technologies in your city. For each type of access, provide the advertised downstream rate, upstream rate, and monthly price.
答：dial-up (up to 56kbps); DSL (up to 1 Mbps upstream , up to 8 Mbps downstream); cable modern (up to 30Mbps downstream, 2 Mbps upstream.)

1.3 Why will two ISPs at the same level of the hierarchy often peer with each other? How does an IXP earn money?

1.4 Some content providers have created their own networks. Describe Google’s network. What motivates content providers to create these networks?

hubs, switches, bridges and routers.
答：hubs operate at Layer 1 of the OSI model, while bridges and switches work with MAC addresses at Layer 2. Hubs broadcast incoming traffic on all ports, whereas bridges and switches only route traffic towards their addressed destinations.

2.1 The benefits of IPv6 when compared with IPv4
More Efficient Routing、More Efficient Packet Processing、Directed Data Flows
Simplified Network Configuration、Support For New Services、Security.

2.2 Compare and contrast the IPv4 and the IPv6 header fields. Do they have any fields in common?
IPv6 has a fixed length header, which does not include most of the options an IPv4 header can include. Even though the IPv6 header contains two 128 bit addresses (source and destination IP address) the whole header has a fixed length of 40 bytes only. Several of the fields are similar in spirit. Traffic class, payload length, next header and hop limit in IPv6 are respectively similar to type of service, datagram length, upper-layer protocol and time to live in IPv4.

2.3 Give more detailed information about the data plane and control plane of network layer.
Data plane refers to all the functions and processes that forward packets/frames from one interface to another. Control plane refers to all the functions and processes that determine which path to use.

2.4 What is connection flooding?
Flooding is a Denial of Service (DoS) attack that is designed to bring a network or service down by flooding it with large amounts of traffic. By flooding a server or host with connecti