27-Cookie

Cookie

什么是Cookie

• Cookie是服务器通知客户端保存键值对的一种技术
• 客户端有了Cookie后，每次请求都发送给服务器

一个网站，怎么证明你来过?

​ 客户端 服务端

1. 服务端给客户端一个信件，客户端下次访问服务端带上信件就可以了; cookie
2. 服务器登记你来过了，下次你来的时候我来匹配你; seesion

cookies = req.getcookies();//获得cookie
cookie.getName();//获得cookie中的key    
cookie.getvalue();//获得cookie中的vlaue
new cookie("lastLoginTime"，system.currentTimeMi11is()+"");//新建一个cookie
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);//设置cookie的有效期 默认值是负一（即表示浏览器一关，就销毁cookie）
resp.addcookie(cookie);//响应给客户端一个cookie

       
//cookie的path属性
Cookie cookie = new Cookie("path1","path1");
cookie.setPath(req.getContextPath()+"/abc");
//也就是访问路径必须要有/abc才会创建这个cookie

代码演示

CookieDemo01

package com.tian.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Date;

public class CookieDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //简单解决中文乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();//这里返回数组，说明cookie可能存在多个

        //判断cookie是否存在
        if(cookies!=null){
            //如果存在怎么办
            resp.getWriter().write("你上一次访问的时间是：");
            for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
                Cookie cookie=cookies[i];
                //获取cookie的名字
              if(cookie.getName().equals("lastLoginTime")){
                  long lastLoginTime = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
                  Date date = new Date(lastLoginTime);
                  resp.getWriter().write(date.toLocaleString());
              }
            }
        }else {
            resp.getWriter().write("这是你第一次访问本站");
        }

        //服务器给客户端响应一个cookie
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
        //添加cookie有效期  一天
        cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);
        //添加一个cookie
        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

CookieDemo02

//各种导包为了简洁我删掉了
public class CookieDemo02 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
        cookie.setMaxAge(0);
        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

CookieDemo03

package com.tian.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLDecoder;
import java.net.URLEncoder;
import java.util.Date;

//中文数据传递
public class CookieDemo03 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //简单解决中文乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();//这里返回数组，说明cookie可能存在多个

        //判断cookie是否存在
        if(cookies!=null){
            //如果存在怎么办
            resp.getWriter().write("你上一次访问的时间是：");
            for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
                Cookie cookie=cookies[i];
                //获取cookie的名字
                if(cookie.getName().equals("name")){
                    //解码
                    System.out.println(URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"UTF-8"));
                }
            }
        }else {
            resp.getWriter().write("这是你第一次访问本站");
        }
        //编码
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("name", URLEncoder.encode("张三","UTF-8"));
        resp.addCookie(cookie);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

配置web.xml，访问,按 f12 看application 里的cookies

一个网站cookie是否存在上限!聊聊细节问题。

• 一个Cookie只能保存一个信息;

• 一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie，最多存放20个cookie;.

• Cookie大小有限制4kb;

• 300个cookie浏览器上限

删除Cookie;

• 不设置有效期，关闭浏览器，自动失效;
• 设置有效期时间为0;

编码解码

1. URLEncoder.encode(“张三”,“utf-8”)
2. URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getvalue( ),“UTF-8"”)