1. StageFright
在Android上,預設的多媒體框架(multimedia framework)是OpenCORE
。OpenCORE的優點是兼顧了跨平台的移植性,而且已經過多方驗證,所以相對來說較為穩定;但是其缺點是過於龐大複雜,需要耗費相當多的時間去維護。從Android 2.0開始,Google引進了架構稍為簡潔的Stagefright,並且有逐漸取代OpenCORE的趨勢 (註1)。
[圖1] Stagefright在Android多媒體架構中的位置。
[圖2] Stagefright所涵蓋的模組 (註2)。
2. Java中播放影片代码
以下我們就先來看看Stagefright是如何播放一個影片檔。 Stagefright在Android中是以shared library的形式存在(libstagefright.so),其中的module -- AwesomePlayer可用來播放video/audio (註3)。AwesomePlayer提供許多API,可以讓上層的應用程式(Java/JNI)來呼叫,我們以一個簡單的程式來說明video playback的流程。 在Java中,若要播放一個影片檔,我們會這樣寫: MediaPlayer mp = new MediaPlayer(); mp.setDataSource(PATH_TO_FILE); ...... (1) mp.prepare(); ........................ (2)、(3) mp.start(); .......................... (4)
3. Stagefright对应处理
在Stagefright中,則會看到相對應的處理;
AwesomePlayer.cpp
3.1 SetDataSource
(1) 將檔案的絕對路徑指定給mUri
status_t AwesomePlayer::setDataSource(const char* uri, ...) { return setDataSource_l(uri, ...); } status_t AwesomePlayer::setDataSource_l(const char* uri, ...) { mUri = uri; } |
3.2 Prepare
(2)
啟動mQueue,作為event handler
status_t AwesomePlayer::prepare() { return prepare_l(); } status_t AwesomePlayer::prepare_l() { prepareAsync_l(); while (mFlags & PREPARING) { mPreparedCondition.wait(mLock); } } status_t AwesomePlayer::prepareAsync_l() { mQueue.start(); mFlags |= PREPARING; mAsyncPrepareEvent = new AwesomeEvent( this, &AwesomePlayer::onPrepareAsyncEvent); mQueue.postEvent(mAsyncPrepareEvent); } |
(3) onPrepareAsyncEvent被觸發
void AwesomePlayer::onPrepareAsyncEvent() { finishSetDataSource_l(); initVideoDecoder(); ...... (3.2.3) initAudioDecoder(); } status_t AwesomePlayer::finishSetDataSource_l() { dataSource = DataSource::CreateFromURI(mUri.string(), ...); sp<MediaExtractor> extractor = MediaExtractor::Create(dataSource); ..... (3.2.1) return setDataSource_l(extractor); ......................... (3.2.2) } |
3.2.1 由数据源DataSource生成MediaExtractor
解析mUri所指定的檔案,並且根據其header來選擇對應的extractor
sp<MediaExtractor> MediaExtractor::Create(const sp<DataSource> &source, ...)
{
......
MediaExtractor *ret = NULL;
if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_CONTAINER_MPEG4)
|| !strcasecmp(mime, "audio/mp4")) {
ret = new MPEG4Extractor(source);
} else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_MPEG)) {
ret = new MP3Extractor(source, meta);
} else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_NB)
|| !strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AMR_WB)) {
ret = new AMRExtractor(source);
} else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_FLAC)) {
ret = new FLACExtractor(source);
} else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_CONTAINER_WAV)) {
ret = new WAVExtractor(source);
} else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_CONTAINER_OGG)) {
ret = new OggExtractor(source);
} else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_CONTAINER_MATROSKA)) {
ret = new MatroskaExtractor(source);
} else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_CONTAINER_MPEG2TS)) {
ret = new MPEG2TSExtractor(source);
} else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_CONTAINER_WVM)) {
// Return now. WVExtractor should not have the DrmFlag set in the block below.
return new WVMExtractor(source);
} else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_AUDIO_AAC_ADTS)) {
ret = new AACExtractor(source, meta);
} else if (!strcasecmp(mime, MEDIA_MIMETYPE_CONTAINER_MPEG2PS)) {
ret = new MPEG2PSExtractor(source);
}
} |
3.2.2 Demux
使用extractor對檔案做A/V的分離 (mVideoTrack/mAudioTrack)
status_t AwesomePlayer::setDataSource_l(const sp<MediaExtractor> &extractor) { for (size_t i = 0; i < extractor->countTracks(); ++i) { sp<MetaData> meta = extractor->getTrackMetaData(i); CHECK(meta->findCString(kKeyMIMEType, &mime)); if (!haveVideo && !strncasecmp(mime, "video/", 6)) { setVideoSource(extractor->getTrack(i)); haveVideo = true; } else if (!haveAudio && !strncasecmp(mime, "audio/", 6)) { setAudioSource(extractor->getTrack(i)); haveAudio = true; } } } void AwesomePlayer::setVideoSource(sp<MediaSource> source) { mVideoTrack = source; } |
3.2.3 根據mVideoTrack中的編碼類型來選擇video decoder (mVideoSource)
status_t AwesomePlayer::initVideoDecoder() { mVideoSource = OMXCodec::Create(mClient.interface(), mVideoTrack->getFormat(), false, mVideoTrack); } |
(4) 將mVideoEvent放入mQueue中,開始解碼播放,並交由mVideoRenderer來畫出
status_t AwesomePlayer::play() { return play_l(); } status_t AwesomePlayer::play_l() { postVideoEvent_l(); } void AwesomePlayer::postVideoEvent_l(int64_t delayUs) { mQueue.postEventWithDelay(mVideoEvent, delayUs); } void AwesomePlayer::onVideoEvent() { mVideoSource->read(&mVideoBuffer, &options); [Check Timestamp] mVideoRenderer->render(mVideoBuffer); postVideoEvent_l(); } |
(註1) 從Android2.3 (Gingerbread) 開始,預設的多媒體框架為 Stagefright。 (註2) Stagefright的架構尚不斷在演進中,本系列文章並未含括所有的模組。 (註3) Audio的播放是交由 AudioPlayer 來處理,請參考《Stagefright (6) - Audio Playback的流程》。
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