一步一步搭建Nginx高可用(一)

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-04 21:01:28 发布
最新推荐文章于 2024-05-04 21:01:28 发布
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一步一步搭建Nginx 高可用

一、 准备工作

①、两台Centos7服务器
每台服务器分别配置两块网卡，一块内网、一块外网！内网ip分别为：10.20.11.80/10.20.11.81，外网IP作为VIP网卡。
Nginx_Master：10.20.11.80 eth192(内网网卡） eth224（外网网卡）
Nginx_Slave ：10.20.11.80 eth160(内网网卡） eth192（外网网卡）
②、内网IP需要取消默认网关。
2.1、10.20.11.80服务器

[root@nginx-174-master-80 keepalived]# nmcli connection modify ens192 ipv4.gateway ""
[root@nginx-174-master-80 keepalived]# nmcli connection down ens192 && nmcli connection up ens192

2.2、10.20.11.81服务器

[root@nginx-174-slave-81 keepalived]# nmcli connection modify ens160 ipv4.gateway ""
[root@nginx-174-slave-81 keepalived]# nmcli connection down ens160 && nmcli connection up ens160
Connection 'ens160' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1)
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)

③、分别安装好Nginx和keepalived
④、VIP 220.166.180.166 （测试IP）

二、 配置Nginx

①、安装并启动nginx(80、81两台服务器)

注：安装nginx省略

[root@nginx-174-master-80 vhost]# systemctl enable nginx
[root@nginx-174-master-80 vhost]# systemctl start nginx
[root@nginx-174-master-80 vhost]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-06 15:49:07 CST; 4min 4s ago
  Process: 14015 ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 14016 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─14016 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
           ├─14050 nginx: worker process
           ├─14051 nginx: worker process
           ├─14052 nginx: worker process
           └─14053 nginx: worker process

Sep 06 15:49:07 nginx-174-master-80 systemd[1]: Starting nginx service...
Sep 06 15:49:07 nginx-174-master-80 nginx[14015]: nginx: [warn] 20480 worker_connections exceed open file resource limit: 10240
Sep 06 15:49:07 nginx-174-master-80 systemd[1]: Started nginx service.
②、配置vhost并复制到备份服务器
#### ③、防火墙放行Nginx端口（80、81两台服务器）
[root@nginx-174-master-80 vhost]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=443/tcp
success
[root@nginx-174-master-80 vhost]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
[root@nginx-174-master-80 vhost]# firewall-cmd --list-all
public (active)
  target: default
  icmp-block-inversion: no
  interfaces: ens192
  sources:
  services: dhcpv6-client ssh
  ports: 51022/tcp 80/tcp 443/tcp
  protocols:
  masquerade: no
  forward-ports:
  source-ports:
  icmp-blocks:
  rich rules:

三、 配置Keepalived

①、安装并设置开机启动（80、81两台服务器）
[root@nginx-174-master-80 vhost]# yum -y install keepalived
[root@nginx-174-master-80 vhost]# systemctl enable keepalived
②、10.20.11.80服务器配置keepalived
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id sjyt_nginx174
}
 
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
        script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
        inverval 3
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface ens192   #存活检测网卡，设置内网网卡
    virtual_router_id 174
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass ***********
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        220.166.180.166/26 dev ens224
    }
 
    track_script {
        chk_nginx
    }
    virtual_routes {
        default via 220.166.180.129
    }
    notify_master "/bin/python /etc/keepalived/nginx_keepalived_notify.py master"
    notify_backup "/bin/python /etc/keepalived/nginx_keepalived_notify.py backup"
    notify_fault "/bin/python /etc/keepalived/nginx_keepalived_notify.py fault"
}
③、10.20.11.81服务器配置keepalived
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
   router_id sjyt_nginx174
}
 
vrrp_script chk_nginx {
        script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"
        inverval 3
}
 
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface ens160  #存活检测网卡，设置内网网卡
    virtual_router_id 174
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass **************
    }
    virtual_ipaddress {
        220.166.180.166/26 dev ens224
    }
 
    track_script {
        chk_nginx
    }
    virtual_routes {
        default via 220.166.180.129
    }
    notify_master "/bin/python /etc/keepalived/nginx_keepalived_notify.py master"
    notify_backup "/bin/python /etc/keepalived/nginx_keepalived_notify.py backup"
    notify_fault "/bin/python /etc/keepalived/nginx_keepalived_notify.py fault"
}
④、Nginx检测存活脚本

[root@nginx-174-master-80 keepalived]#vim /etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh

#!/bin/bash
 
d=`date --date today +%Y%m%d_%H:%M:%S`
n=`netstat -lntp | grep nginx | wc -l`
 
if [ $n -eq 0 ]; then
	systemctl start nginx
	n2=`netstat -lntp | grep nginx | wc -l`
	if [ $n2 -eq 0 ]; then
		echo "$d nginx down,keepalived will stop" >> /var/log/check_ng.log
		systemctl stop keepalived
	fi
fi
⑤、Nginx 高可用切换钉钉通知

注：使用python脚本发送通知，两台机器都需要需要安装python requests 模块
5.1、安装epel-release

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release

5.2、安装pip

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install python-pip

5.3、安装requests

 [root@localhost ~]#  pip install requests

5.4、钉钉通知脚本

[root@nginx-174-master-80 keepalived]# cat nginx_keepalived_notify.py
#!/usr/local/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
import requests
import sys
import json
import socket
import time


def info(jy):
    # 钉钉告警
    url = 'https://oapi.dingtalk.com/robot/send?access_token=****************'

    headers = {
        'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8'
    }
    formdata = {
        "msgtype": "text",
        "text": {"content": str(jy)}
    }
    # print(formdata)
    requests.post(url=url, data=json.dumps(formdata), headers=headers)


def change_status(status):
    time1 = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
    hostname = socket.gethostname()
    message = "Nginx高可用状态切换告警， " + str(time1) + " vrrp trasition , 主机: " + hostname + " Nginx 状态: change to be " + status
    info(message)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    status = sys.argv[1]
    change_status(status)
⑥、防火墙放行keepalived

注：ens192为本机监听网口，需要根据每个服务器监听网口不通而改变。

firewall-cmd --direct --permanent --add-rule ipv4 filter INPUT 0 --in-interface ens192 --destination 224.0.0.18 --protocol vrrp -j ACCEPT;
firewall-cmd --reload;
⑦、启动keepalived

7.1、10.20.11.80服务器启动keepalived

[root@nginx-174-master-80 keepalived]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@nginx-174-master-80 keepalived]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-06 16:31:16 CST; 3s ago
  Process: 14951 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 14952 (keepalived)
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─14952 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─14953 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─14954 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

Sep 06 16:31:18 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[14954]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering MASTER STATE
Sep 06 16:31:18 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[14954]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol VIPs.
Sep 06 16:31:18 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[14954]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) setting protocol Virtual Routes
Sep 06 16:31:18 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[14954]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:31:18 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[14954]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:31:18 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[14954]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:31:18 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[14954]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:31:18 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[14954]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:31:18 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[14954]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:31:18 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[14954]: Opening script file /bin/python

7.2 10.20.11.81服务器启动keepalived

[root@nginx-174-slave-81 keepalived]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-06 16:47:50 CST; 20s ago
  Process: 7677 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 7678 (keepalived)
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─7678 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─7679 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─7680 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

Sep 06 16:47:50 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: SECURITY VIOLATION - scripts are being executed but script_security not enabled.
Sep 06 16:47:50 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol Virtual Routes
Sep 06 16:47:50 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol VIPs.
Sep 06 16:47:50 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Using LinkWatch kernel netlink reflector...
Sep 06 16:47:50 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Entering BACKUP STATE
Sep 06 16:47:50 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) removing protocol Virtual Routes
Sep 06 16:47:50 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Opening script file /bin/python
Sep 06 16:47:50 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: VRRP sockpool: [ifindex(2), proto(112), unicast(0), fd(10,11)]
Sep 06 16:47:50 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: VRRP_Script(chk_nginx) succeeded
Sep 06 16:47:50 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_healthcheckers[7679]: Opening file '/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf'.

注：如果发现服务器脑裂，就是两台服务器都处在MASTER状态，这种情况可能导致主、备切换不成功，需要考虑下是否防火墙阻挡了的原因。！

⑧、主Master（80）故障演练
8.1、停掉 80服务器nginx服务
[root@nginx-174-master-80 keepalived]# systemctl stop nginx
[root@nginx-174-master-80 keepalived]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-06 16:45:06 CST; 5min ago
  Process: 20884 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 20885 (keepalived)
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─20885 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─20886 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─20887 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

Sep 06 16:45:08 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[20887]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:45:08 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[20887]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:45:08 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[20887]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:45:08 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[20887]: Opening script file /bin/python
Sep 06 16:45:13 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[20887]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:45:13 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[20887]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:45:13 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[20887]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:45:13 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[20887]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:45:13 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[20887]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:45:13 nginx-174-master-80 Keepalived_vrrp[20887]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens224 for 220.166.180.166
[root@nginx-174-master-80 keepalived]# systemctl status nginx
● nginx.service - nginx service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/nginx.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-06 16:50:54 CST; 18s ago
  Process: 23381 ExecStop=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s quit (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
  Process: 23394 ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 23395 (nginx)
   CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
           ├─23395 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
           ├─23396 nginx: worker process
           ├─23397 nginx: worker process
           ├─23398 nginx: worker process
           └─23399 nginx: worker process

Sep 06 16:50:54 nginx-174-master-80 systemd[1]: Starting nginx service...
Sep 06 16:50:54 nginx-174-master-80 nginx[23394]: nginx: [warn] 20480 worker_connections exceed open file resource limit: 10240
Sep 06 16:50:54 nginx-174-master-80 systemd[1]: Started nginx service.

以上可以看出，当nginx挂掉之后keepalived会尝试拉起nginx！

8.2、我们直接测试关掉80服务器的网络。

主Master 挂掉前 Backup服务器的网络信息！

root@nginx-174-slave-81 keepalived]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.20.11.81  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.20.11.255
        inet6 fe80::c05f:7365:673:a5d3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:50:56:9b:17:4b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 43761  bytes 17186369 (16.3 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 11836  bytes 1225993 (1.1 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens192: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether 00:50:56:9b:51:86  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 12494  bytes 1183791 (1.1 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 768  bytes 63562 (62.0 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 32  bytes 2544 (2.4 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 32  bytes 2544 (2.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@nginx-174-slave-81 keepalived]#

钉钉机器人已触发状态变更告警！
在这里插入图片描述
查看keepalived状态

[root@nginx-174-slave-81 keepalived]# ifconfig
ens160: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.20.11.81  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.20.11.255
        inet6 fe80::c05f:7365:673:a5d3  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:50:56:9b:17:4b  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 44489  bytes 17238692 (16.4 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 11943  bytes 1234091 (1.1 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens192: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 220.166.180.166  netmask 255.255.255.192  broadcast 0.0.0.0
        ether 00:50:56:9b:51:86  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 12769  bytes 1211607 (1.1 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 889  bytes 74058 (72.3 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 32  bytes 2544 (2.4 KiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 32  bytes 2544 (2.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@nginx-174-slave-81 keepalived]# systemctl status keepalived
● keepalived.service - LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-09-06 16:47:50 CST; 8min ago
  Process: 7677 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 7678 (keepalived)
   CGroup: /system.slice/keepalived.service
           ├─7678 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           ├─7679 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
           └─7680 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D

Sep 06 16:55:36 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:55:36 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:55:36 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:55:36 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Opening script file /bin/python
Sep 06 16:55:41 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:55:41 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: VRRP_Instance(VI_1) Sending/queueing gratuitous ARPs on ens192 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:55:41 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:55:41 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:55:41 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 220.166.180.166
Sep 06 16:55:41 nginx-174-slave-81 Keepalived_vrrp[7680]: Sending gratuitous ARP on ens192 for 220.166.180.166

以上，在主Nginx 网络故障后，备用nginx接管了公网IP。

8.2、恢复80服务器网络

在这里插入图片描述
钉钉通知状态已变更回来！
注：因为Nginx备用服务器没有设置网关，所以状态切换为Slave时触发钉钉通知失败！

四、搭建过程报错处理

①、keepalived 绑定网卡报错
错误描述：服务器是两张网卡，VIP绑定的网卡未设置IP地址，在keepalived绑定VIP时报错无法激活网卡！
但是服务器重启几次又可以正常绑定，蛋疼！再考虑是否设置一个其他段的IP。
解决了再贴上！

Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.4806] device (ens192): state change: ip-config -> failed (reason 'ip-config-unavailable', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.4810] manager: startup complete
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <warn>  [1631094655.4812] device (ens192): Activation: failed for connection 'Wired connection 1'
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.5358] device (ens192): state change: failed -> disconnected (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.5375] policy: auto-activating connection 'Wired connection 1' (562a39ff-9b6b-3e66-92b7-d2b25d6a3846)
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.5379] device (ens192): Activation: starting connection 'Wired connection 1' (562a39ff-9b6b-3e66-92b7-d2b25d6a3846)
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.5381] device (ens192): state change: disconnected -> prepare (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.5384] device (ens192): state change: prepare -> config (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.5560] settings-connection[0x5652382260c0,660326a4-fba5-47d1-8c61-2ca60f5be37e]: write: successfully updated (ifcfg-rh: update /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160), connection was modified in the process
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.5563] audit: op="connection-update" uuid="660326a4-fba5-47d1-8c61-2ca60f5be37e" name="ens160" args="connection.timestamp,ipv4.addresses" pid=1647 uid=0 result="success"
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.5612] device (ens192): state change: config -> ip-config (reason 'none', sys-iface-state: 'managed')
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.5614] dhcp4 (ens192): activation: beginning transaction (timeout in 45 seconds)
Sep  8 17:50:55 localhost NetworkManager[735]: <info>  [1631094655.5626] dhcp4 (ens192): dhclient started with pid 1656
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专栏目录
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