以下是一个简单的例子，演示如何使用OpenGL ES和MediaCodec将RGB图像转换为MP4视频。
首先，我们需要使用OpenGL ES将RGB图像渲染到纹理上。以下是一个简单的渲染器类：
```cpp
class Renderer {
public:
Renderer();
~Renderer();
void init();
void render(const uint8_t* data, int width, int height);
private:
GLuint mTexture;
GLuint mProgram;
GLuint mVertexShader;
GLuint mFragmentShader;
GLint mPositionHandle;
GLint mTexCoordHandle;
GLint mTextureHandle;
};
```
在Renderer的构造函数中，我们可以编译和链接顶点着色器和片段着色器：
```cpp
Renderer::Renderer() {
const char* vertexShaderSrc = "attribute vec4 position;\n"
"attribute vec2 texCoord;\n"
"varying vec2 vTexCoord;\n"
"void main() {\n"
" gl_Position = position;\n"
" vTexCoord = texCoord;\n"
"}";
const char* fragmentShaderSrc = "precision mediump float;\n"
"varying vec2 vTexCoord;\n"
"uniform sampler2D texture;\n"
"void main() {\n"
" gl_FragColor = texture2D(texture, vTexCoord);\n"
"}";
mVertexShader = loadShader(GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderSrc);
mFragmentShader = loadShader(GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderSrc);
mProgram = glCreateProgram();
glAttachShader(mProgram, mVertexShader);
glAttachShader(mProgram, mFragmentShader);
glBindAttribLocation(mProgram, ATTRIB_VERTEX, "position");
glBindAttribLocation(mProgram, ATTRIB_TEXTURE, "texCoord");
glLinkProgram(mProgram);
mPositionHandle = glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "position");
mTexCoordHandle = glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "texCoord");
mTextureHandle = glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "texture");
}
```
在render函数中，我们将RGB数据上传到纹理中，并在渲染器中绘制纹理：
```cpp
void Renderer::render(const uint8_t* data, int width, int height) {
if (!data) {
return;
}
if (!mTexture) {
glGenTextures(1, &mTexture);
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTexture);
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER, GL_LINEAR);
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_S, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexParameterf(GL_TEXTURE_2D, GL_TEXTURE_WRAP_T, GL_CLAMP_TO_EDGE);
glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGB, width, height, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, data);
}
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, mTexture);
glUseProgram(mProgram);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
glEnableVertexAttribArray(mTexCoordHandle);
glVertexAttribPointer(mPositionHandle, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, gVertices);
glVertexAttribPointer(mTexCoordHandle, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, gTexCoords);
glUniform1i(mTextureHandle, 0);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 4);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(mPositionHandle);
glDisableVertexAttribArray(mTexCoordHandle);
}
```
接下来，我们使用MediaCodec将渲染的帧编码为MP4视频。以下是一个简单的编码器类：
```cpp
class Encoder {
public:
Encoder();
~Encoder();
void init(int width, int height);
void encodeFrame(const uint8_t* data, int64_t pts);
void flush();
private:
AMediaCodec* mEncoder;
AMediaMuxer* mMuxer;
int mTrackIndex;
int mFrameIndex;
bool mIsStarted;
};
```
在Encoder的构造函数中，我们可以创建MediaCodec和MediaMuxer：
```cpp
Encoder::Encoder() {
mEncoder = AMediaCodec_createEncoderByType("video/avc");
AMediaFormat* format = AMediaFormat_new();
AMediaFormat_setString(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_MIME, "video/avc");
AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_BIT_RATE, 2000000);
AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_FRAME_RATE, 30);
AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_I_FRAME_INTERVAL, 1);
AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_COLOR_FORMAT, COLOR_FormatSurface);
AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_WIDTH, 720);
AMediaFormat_setInt32(format, AMEDIAFORMAT_KEY_HEIGHT, 1280);
AMediaCodec_configure(mEncoder, format, nullptr, nullptr, AMEDIACODEC_CONFIGURE_FLAG_ENCODE);
AMediaFormat_delete(format);
mTrackIndex = -1;
mFrameIndex = 0;
mIsStarted = false;
}
```
在init函数中，我们将MediaCodec的输出Surface传递给MediaMuxer，并启动MediaCodec和MediaMuxer：
```cpp
void Encoder::init(int width, int height) {
if (mIsStarted) {
return;
}
AMediaCodec_start(mEncoder);
AMediaMuxer_start(mMuxer);
ANativeWindow* window = AMediaCodec_createInputSurface(mEncoder);
AMediaMuxer_addTrack(mMuxer, AMediaCodec_getOutputFormat(mEncoder));
AMediaMuxer_start(mMuxer);
mTrackIndex = 0;
mIsStarted = true;
}
```
在encodeFrame函数中，我们从输出Surface中获取编码的数据，并将其写入MediaMuxer：
```cpp
void Encoder::encodeFrame(const uint8_t* data, int64_t pts) {
if (!mIsStarted) {
return;
}
ANativeWindow* window = AMediaCodec_createInputSurface(mEncoder);
AMediaCodec_configure(mEncoder, nullptr, nullptr, nullptr, 0);
AMediaCodec_start(mEncoder);
AMediaSurface* surface = AMediaSurface_fromSurfaceTexture((ASurfaceTexture*) window);
AMediaCodec_setOutputSurface(mEncoder, surface);
AMediaSurface_release(surface);
AMediaCodecBufferInfo bufferInfo;
int outputBufferIndex = AMediaCodec_dequeueOutputBuffer(mEncoder, &bufferInfo, 0);
if (outputBufferIndex >= 0) {
AMediaCodec_releaseOutputBuffer(mEncoder, outputBufferIndex, true);
}
int inputBufferIndex = AMediaCodec_dequeueInputBuffer(mEncoder, 0);
if (inputBufferIndex >= 0) {
AMediaCodecInputBuffer* inputBuffer = AMediaCodec_getInputBuffer(mEncoder, inputBufferIndex);
size_t bufferSize = AMediaCodec_getInputBufferSize(mEncoder);
uint8_t* buffer = AMediaCodecInputBuffer_getBuffer(inputBuffer);
memcpy(buffer, data, bufferSize);
AMediaCodec_queueInputBuffer(mEncoder, inputBufferIndex, 0, bufferSize, pts, 0);
}
outputBufferIndex = AMediaCodec_dequeueOutputBuffer(mEncoder, &bufferInfo, 0);
if (outputBufferIndex >= 0) {
AMediaCodecBufferInfo bufferInfo;
AMediaCodec_getOutputBufferInfo(mEncoder, outputBufferIndex, &bufferInfo);
uint8_t* outputBuffer = AMediaCodec_getOutputBuffer(mEncoder, outputBufferIndex);
AMediaMuxer_writeSampleData(mMuxer, mTrackIndex, outputBuffer, &bufferInfo);
AMediaCodec_releaseOutputBuffer(mEncoder, outputBufferIndex, false);
mFrameIndex++;
}
}
```
在flush函数中，我们停止MediaCodec和MediaMuxer：
```cpp
void Encoder::flush() {
if (!mIsStarted) {
return;
}
AMediaCodec_signalEndOfInputStream(mEncoder);
AMediaCodecBufferInfo bufferInfo;
while (true) {
int outputBufferIndex = AMediaCodec_dequeueOutputBuffer(mEncoder, &bufferInfo, 0);
if (outputBufferIndex >= 0) {
AMediaCodec_releaseOutputBuffer(mEncoder, outputBufferIndex, true);
} else if (outputBufferIndex == AMEDIACODEC_INFO_OUTPUT_FORMAT_CHANGED) {
AMediaFormat* format = AMediaCodec_getOutputFormat(mEncoder);
AMediaMuxer_addTrack(mMuxer, format);
mTrackIndex = AMediaMuxer_addTrack(mMuxer, format);
AMediaMuxer_start(mMuxer);
} else {
break;
}
}
AMediaCodec_stop(mEncoder);
AMediaCodec_delete(mEncoder);
AMediaMuxer_stop(mMuxer);
AMediaMuxer_delete(mMuxer);
mIsStarted = false;
}
```
在使用时，我们可以像这样使用渲染器和编码器：
```cpp
Renderer renderer;
Encoder encoder;
renderer.init();
encoder.init(width, height);
for (int i = 0; i < numFrames; i++) {
renderer.render(data[i], width, height);
encoder.encodeFrame(data[i], i * 1000000 / 30);
}
encoder.flush();
```
请注意，这只是一个非常简单的例子，实际上要实现一个完整的视频编码器需要更多的步骤和细节。
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