今天在学习Spring5的JdbcTemplate部分时,做前期准备的过程中遇到一个坑,记录一下
情景再现
首先,导入好JdbcTemplate所需要的jar包
然后,在Spring配置文件中配置好数据库连接池和创建JdbcTemplate对象
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--配置创建 DataSource 数据池对象-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" destroy-method="close">
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/user_db"/>
<property name="username" value="root"/>
<property name="password" value="root"/>
<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置创建 JdbcTemplate 对象 -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
<!--注入 dataSource-->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
</beans>
然后,根据数据库表的结构创建好对应的实体类,并且也创建好了Service层和Dao层
//实体类
@Component
public class User {
private Integer id;
private String username;
private String password;
private String status;
//省略set、get、toString方法
}
//service层
@Service
public class UserService {
//注入UserDao
@Autowired
private UserDao userDao;
public void add(User user){}
}
//dao层
@Repository
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
//注入jdbcTemplate
@Autowired
private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
public void insert(User user){}
}
然后,在这里我没有选择使用xml文件来配置开启组件扫描,而是使用创建配置类的方式来开启组件扫描(这儿就是踩坑的原因)
@Configuration
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.spring5"})
public class SpringConfig {
}
最后,编写好测试添加数据的操作
public class TestSpring5 {
@Test
public void test(){
ApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfig.class);
UserService userService = context.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
User user = new User();
user.setId(1);
user.setUsername("admin1");
user.setPassword("12345");
user.setStatus("1");
System.out.println(user);
userService.addUser(user);
}
}
当我运行测试代码时,出现了报错:
警告: Exception encountered during context initialization - cancelling refresh attempt: org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'userDaoImpl': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'jdbcTemplate'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'userDaoImpl': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'jdbcTemplate'; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:659)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:639)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:119)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:399)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1431)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:619)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:542)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:335)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:234)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:333)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:208)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:953)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:918)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:583)
at org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.<init>(AnnotationConfigApplicationContext.java:93)
at TestSpring5.test(TestSpring5.java:23)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:59)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:56)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner$1.evaluate(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:100)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:366)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:103)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$4.run(ParentRunner.java:331)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:79)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:329)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$100(ParentRunner.java:66)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:293)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:306)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:413)
at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)
at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235)
at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1799)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1355)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1309)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:656)
... 40 more
大致看了一下,应该是xml配置文件没有被加载导致在xml文件中配置创建DataSource和JdbcTemplate对象的过程没有执行,从而UserDaoImpl类中需要自动装载的JdbcTemplate对象就不能被创建
解决方法
由此就可想出解决方法:加载xml配置文件创建JdbcTemplate对象即可
//在UserDaoImpl中将jdbcTemplate用final修饰,然后在代码块中读取xml配置文件来创建JdbcTemplate对象
private final JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
{
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
jdbcTemplate = context.getBean("jdbcTemplate", JdbcTemplate.class);
}
当然,还有一种简单的方法就是不使用配置类的方式来开启组件扫描,而在xml配置文件中开启,然后在测试加载xml配置文件,反正在使用时也会通过加载配置文件或配置类的方式获取一个调用dao层方法的service对象
<context:component-scan base-package="com.spring5"/>
疑惑
在想出上述解决方法后又遇到一个疑惑,不管是使用xml配置文件还是使用配置类的方式开启组件扫描,为什么最开始都得利用ClassPathXmlApplicationContext
类或AnnotationConfigApplicationContext
类的对象通过getBean()
方法或使用new
来获取service对象呢,而如果使用@Autowired
注解自动装载的话在使用service对象调用自身的方法时报出空指针异常,但是当在service类中调用dao的方法时需要用到的dao对象又可以自动装载
希望有大佬能替我解决疑惑或提出更好的解决办法,有理解不对的地方也请大佬帮我指出😣