方式一:采用ServletContext读取
获取配置文件的realpath,然后通过文件流读取出来或者通过方法getReasurceAsStream()。
因为是用ServletContext读取文件路径,所以配置文件可以放入在WEB-INF的classes目录中,也可以在应用层级及WEB-INF的目录中。文件存放位置具体在eclipse工程中的表现是:可以放在src下面,也可放在WEB-INF及Web-Root下面等。因为是读取出路径后,用文件流进行读取的,所以可以读取任意的配置文件包括xml和properties。缺点:不能在servlet外面应用读取配置信息。
1.首先创建一个动态的javaweb项目,项目目录如下:
2.创建一个servlet(FileReader.java)
package com.xia.fileReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.text.MessageFormat;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class FileReader extends HttpServlet {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
/**
* response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");目的是控制浏览器用UTF-8进行解码;
* 这样就不会出现中文乱码了
*/
response.setHeader("content-type","text/html;charset=UTF-8");
readSrcDirPropCfgFile(response);//读取src目录下的db1.properties配置文件
response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
readWebRootDirPropCfgFile(response);//读取WebRoot目录下的db2.properties配置文件
response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
readSrcSourcePackPropCfgFile(response);//读取src目录下的config目录中的db3.properties配置文件
response.getWriter().println("<hr/>");
readWEBINFPropCfgFile(response);//读取WEB-INF目录下的JDBC目录中的db4.properties配置文件
}
public void readSrcDirPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
String path = "/WEB-INF/classes/db1.properties";
InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream(path);
Properties props = new Properties();
props.load(in);
String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url");
String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username");
String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password");
response.getWriter().println("读取src目录下的db1.properties配置文件");
response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
public void readWebRootDirPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException{
String path = "/db2.properties";
InputStream in = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream(path);
Properties props = new Properties();
props.load(in);
String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url");
String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username");
String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password");
response.getWriter().println("读取WebRoot目录下的db2.properties配置文件");
response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
public void readSrcSourcePackPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
String path = "/WEB-INF/classes/config/db3.properties";
String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath(path);
InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(realPath),"UTF-8");
Properties props = new Properties();
props.load(reader);
String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url");
String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username");
String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password");
response.getWriter().println("读取src目录下的config目录中的db3.properties配置文件");
response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
public void readWEBINFPropCfgFile(HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
String path = "/WEB-INF/JDBC/db4.properties";
String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath(path);
System.out.println("realPath:"+realPath);
System.out.println("contextPath:"+this.getServletContext().getContextPath());
InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream(realPath),"UTF-8");
Properties props = new Properties();
props.load(reader);
String driver = props.getProperty("jdbc.driver");
String url = props.getProperty("jdbc.url");
String username = props.getProperty("jdbc.username");
String password = props.getProperty("jdbc.password");
response.getWriter().println("读取WEB-INF目录下的JDBC目录中的db4.properties配置文件");
response.getWriter().println(MessageFormat.format( "driver={0},url={1},username={2},password={3}",
driver,url, username, password));
}
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
}
}
3.配置servlet(web.xml)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
<display-name>javaReaderFile</display-name>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>FileReader</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.xia.fileReader.FileReader</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>FileReader</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/FileReader</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
4.测试
方式二:采用ResourceBundle类读取配置信息
优点是:可以以完全限定类名的方式加载资源后,直接的读取出来,且可以在非Web应用中读取资源文件。
缺点:只能加载类src下面的资源文件且只能读取.properties文件。
方式三:采用ClassLoader方式进行读取配置信息
优点是:可以在非Web应用中读取配置资源信息,可以读取任意的资源文件信息
缺点:只能加载类src下面的资源文件,不适合装载大文件,否则会导致jvm内存溢出
package com.xia.fileReader;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.Properties;
public class ReadByClassLoader {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
readPropFileByClassLoad();
}
public static void readPropFileByClassLoad() throws IOException{
//读取src下面config包内的配置文件db3.properties
InputStream in = ReadByClassLoader.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("config/db3.properties");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
Properties props = new Properties();
props.load(br);
for(Object s: props.keySet()){
System.out.println(s+":"+props.getProperty(s.toString()));
}
}
}