MySQL 字段操作命令

实验表为tt:

CREATE TABLE tt
(
	a INT NOT NULL,
	b INT NOT NULL,
	c INT NOT NULL, 
	PRIMARY KEY(a),
	UNIQUE uni_b(b),
	INDEX idx_c(c)
);

显示表结构:

mysql> show create table tt;
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tt    | CREATE TABLE `tt` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `uni_b` (`b`),
  KEY `idx_c` (`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

1 添加字段

添加一个新字段d,int类型,非空。

mysql> ALTER TABLE tt ADD COLUMN d INT NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.44 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE tt;
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tt    | CREATE TABLE `tt` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `d` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `uni_b` (`b`),
  KEY `idx_c` (`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

命令格式为: ALTER TABLE 表名 ADD COLUMN 字段名 其他属性;

2 修改字段属性

修改字段d的类型为varchar(64),其他属性不变。

mysql> ALTER TABLE tt MODIFY d VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (1.22 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE tt;
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tt    | CREATE TABLE `tt` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `d` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `uni_b` (`b`),
  KEY `idx_c` (`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

命令格式为:ALTER TABLE 表名 MODIFY 字段名 新的属性;

3 修改字段名称

修改字段d的名称为dd,其他属性不变。

mysql> ALTER TABLE tt CHANGE d dd VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE tt;
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tt    | CREATE TABLE `tt` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `dd` varchar(64) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `uni_b` (`b`),
  KEY `idx_c` (`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-------+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

命令格式为:ALTER TABLE 表名 CHANGE 旧字段名 新字段名 其他属性;

4 删除字段

删除字段dd。

mysql> ALTER TABLE tt DROP COLUMN dd;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.83 sec)
Records: 0  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0
mysql> SHOW CREATE TABLE tt;
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table                                                                                                                                                                                                                        |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| tt    | CREATE TABLE `tt` (
  `a` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `b` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `c` int(11) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`a`),
  UNIQUE KEY `uni_b` (`b`),
  KEY `idx_c` (`c`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci |
+-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

命令格式为:ALTER TABLE 表名 DROP COLUMN 字段名;

总结:

添加字段: ALTER TABLE 表名 ADD COLUMN 字段名 属性
修改字段属性:ALTER TABLE 表名 MODIFY 字段名 属性
修改字段名称:ALTER TABLE 表名 CHANGE 旧字段名 新字段名 属性
删除字段: ALTER TABLE 表名 DROP COLUMN 字段名

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