Scala针对容器的操作（遍历、映射、过滤、归约）案例

一、遍历操作

Scala容器的标准遍历方法foreach

def foreach[U](f:Elem => U) :Unit

object foreach_test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val list = List(1,2,3)
    val f=(i:Int)=>println(i)
    list.foreach(f)
    val university = Map("XMU" -> "Xiamen University", "THU" -> "Tsinghua University", "PKU"
      -> "Peking University")
    university foreach (kv => println(kv._1 + ":" + kv._2))
    university foreach { x => x match {case (k, v) => println(k + ":" + v) } }
    //case (k,v)使用元组对象
    university foreach { case (k, v) => println(k + ":" + v) }
  }
}

out：

1
2
3
XMU:Xiamen University
THU:Tsinghua University
PKU:Peking University

二、映射操作

2.1.map方法

map用于对容器或者集合做一对一映射。

实例：

object map_test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val books=List("Hadoop","Hive","HDFS")
    println(books.map(s=>s.toUpperCase()))
    //toUpperCase方法将一个字符串中的每个字母都变成大写字母
    println(books.map(s=>s.length))//将字符串映射到它的长度
  }
}

out：

List(HADOOP, HIVE, HDFS)
List(6, 4, 4)

2.2.flatmap方法

把里面每一个元素拿过来作为映射，而且映射得到的结果是一对多的映射。

object map_test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val books=List("Hadoop","Hive","HDFS")
    println(books flatMap(s=>s.toList))//中缀表示法
  }
}

out：

List(H, a, d, o, o, p, H, i, v, e, H, D, F, S)

三、过滤操作

filter字符过滤

object filter_test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val university = Map(
      "XMU" -> "Xiamen University",
      "THU" -> "Tsinghua University",
      "PKU" -> "Peking University",
      "XMUT" -> "Xiamen University of Technology"
    )
    val xmus = university filter { kv => kv._2 contains "Xiamen" }
    println(xmus)
  }
}

out：

Map(XMU -> Xiamen University, XMUT -> Xiamen University of Technology)

整型过滤

val l = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) filter {_ % 2 == 0}
println(l)

out：

List(2, 4, 6)

四、归约操作

reduce(f)

object reduce_test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val list = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
    val list_add = list.reduce(_ + _) //将列表元素累加，使用了占位符语法
    println(list_add)
    val list_mul = list.reduce(_ * _) //将列表元素连乘
    println(list_mul)
    val process = list map (_.toString) reduce ((x, y) => s"f($x,$y)")
    println(process)
  }
}

out：

15
120
f(f(f(f(1,2),3),4),5)
//f表示传入reduce的二元函数

归约操作有左右之分

• reduceLeft
• reduceRight

object reduce_test {
  def main(args: Array[String]): Unit = {
    val list = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
    val left1=list reduceLeft{_-_}
    println(left1)
    val right1=list reduceRight{_-_}
    println(right1)
  }
}

out：

-13
3

fold

scala> val list = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
list: List[Int] = List(1, 2, 3, 4, 5)

scala> list.fold(10)(_*_)
res0: Int = 1200

scala> (list fold 10)(_*_)//fold的中缀调用写法
res1: Int = 1200

scala> (list foldLeft 10)(_-_)//计算顺序(((((10-1)-2)-3)-4)-5)
res2: Int = -5