目录
AQS源码解析
基本概念
AQS是一个基于先进先出（FIFO）等待队列的实现阻塞锁和同步器的框架。AQS通过一个volatile int state变量来保存锁的状态。子类必须通过：
getState()：获取当前的同步状态
setState(int newState)：设置当前同步状态
compareAndSetState(int expect,int update)：使用CAS设置当前状态，该方法能够保证状态设置的原子性。
AQS支持的锁的类别
独占锁：锁在一个时间点只能被一个线程占有。根据锁的获取机制，又分为“公平锁”和“非公平锁”。等待队列中按照FIFO的原则获取锁，等待时间越长的线程越先获取到锁，这就是公平的获取锁，即公平锁。而非公平锁，线程获取锁的时候，无视等待队列直接获取锁。ReentrantLock和ReentrantReadWriteLock.Writelock是独占锁。
共享锁：同一个时候能够被多个线程获取的锁，能被共享的锁。JUC包中ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock，CyclicBarrier，CountDownLatch和Semaphore都是共享锁。
存储节点Node
static final class Node {
/** 共享节点模式下的节点 */
static final Node SHARED = new Node();
/** 独占模式下的节点 */
static final Node EXCLUSIVE = null;
/** 取消状态 */
static final int CANCELLED = 1;
/** 后继节点的线程处于等待状态，而当前节点的线程如果释放了同步状态或者被取消，将会通知后继节点，使后继节点的线程得以运行 */
static final int SIGNAL = -1;
/** waitStatus value to indicate thread is waiting on condition */
static final int CONDITION = -2;
/**
* 下一次共享式同步状态获取将会无条件地传播下去
*/
static final int PROPAGATE = -3;
/**
* Status field, taking on only the values:
* SIGNAL: The successor of this node is (or will soon be)
* blocked (via park), so the current node must
* unpark its successor when it releases or
* cancels. To avoid races, acquire methods must
* first indicate they need a signal,
* then retry the atomic acquire, and then,
* on failure, block.
* CANCELLED: This node is cancelled due to timeout or interrupt.
* Nodes never leave this state. In particular,
* a thread with cancelled node never again blocks.
* CONDITION: This node is currently on a condition queue.
* It will not be used as a sync queue node
* until transferred, at which time the status
* will be set to 0. (Use of this value here has
* nothing to do with the other uses of the
* field, but simplifies mechanics.)
* PROPAGATE: A releaseShared should be propagated to other
* nodes. This is set (for head node only) in
* doReleaseShared to ensure propagation
* continues, even if other operations have
* since intervened.
* 0: None of the above
*
* The values are arranged numerically to simplify use.
* Non-negative values mean that a node doesn't need to
* signal. So, most code doesn't need to check for particular
* values, just for sign.
*
* The field is initialized to 0 for normal sync nodes, and
* CONDITION for condition nodes. It is modified using CAS
* (or when possible, unconditional volatile writes).
*/
volatile int waitStatus;
/**
* 前驱节点
*/
volatile Node prev;
/**
* 后驱节点
*/
volatile Node next;
/**
* 获取同步状态的线程
*/
volatile Thread thread;
/**
* Link to next node waiting on condition, or the special
* value SHARED. Because condition queues are accessed only
* when holding in exclusive mode, we just need a simple
* linked queue to hold nodes while they are waiting on
* conditions. They are then transferred to the queue to
* re-acquire. And because conditions can only be exclusive,
* we save a field by using special value to indicate shared
* mode.
*/
Node nextWaiter;
/**
* Returns true if node is waiting in shared mode.
*/
final boolean isShared() {
return nextWaiter == SHARED;
}
/**
* Returns previous node, or throws NullPointerException if null.
* Use when predecessor cannot be null. The null check could
* be elided, but is present to help the VM.
*
* @return the predecessor of this node
*/
final Node predecessor() throws NullPointerException {
Node p = prev;
if (p == null)
throw new NullPointerException();
else
return p;
}
Node() { // Used to establish initial head or SHARED marker
}
Node(Thread thread, Node mode) { // Used by addWaiter
this.nextWaiter = mode;
this.thread = thread;
}
Node(Thread thread, int waitStatus) { // Used by Condition
this.waitStatus = waitStatus;
this.thread = thread;
}
}
/**
* Head of the wait queue, lazily initialized. Except for
* initialization, it is modified only via method setHead. Note:
* If head exists, its waitStatus is guaranteed not to be
* CANCELLED. 前驱头节点-head
*/
private transient volatile Node head;
/**
* Tail of the wait queue, lazily initialized. Modified only via
* method enq to add new wait node. 后驱尾节点-head
*/
private transient volatile Node tail;
/**
* The synchronization state. 同步器状态
*/
private volatile int state;acquire(int)
public final void acquire(int arg) {
if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
selfInterrupt();
}独占模式下线程获取资源的顶层入口。如果获取到资源成功，线程直接返回，否则进入等待队列，直到获取到资源为止，且整个过程忽略中断的影响。
tryAcquire(arg)
protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}具体实现方法交由自定义同步器实现（ReentrantLock，CountDownLatch...）
addWaiter()
private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
//以给定的Node节点模式构建当前线程的Node节点，在acquire方法中传入的是EXCLUSIVE独占式节点
Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
// 将尾节点进行保存
Node pred = tail;
if (pred != null) {//如果尾节点不为null
//将尾节点设置尾新节点的prev节点
node.prev = pred;
if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {//通过CAS保证，确保节点能够被线程安全的添加
//将当前界定指向前驱的next节点
pred.next = node;
return node;
}
}
//如果尾节点为null，则通过enq进行入队
enq(node);
return node;
}
//同步器通过死循环的方式来保证节点的正确添加，在“死循环” 中通过CAS将节点设置成为尾节点之后，
//当前线程才能从该方法中返回，否则当前线程不断的尝试设置。
private Node enq(final Node node) {
//CAS"自旋"，直到成功加入队尾
for (;;) {
//尾节点临时存储
Node t = tail;
if (t == null) { // Must initialize
//如果tail为null，说明队列为空 第二个线程是第一个来排队的
//创建一个线程为null的 节点 头尾都指向自己
if (compareAndSetHead(new Node()))
tail = head;
} else {
node.prev = t;
if (compareAndSetTail(t, node)) {
t.next = node;
return t;
}
}
}
}头节点的后继节点是第一个排队的。enq 方法图：
用于将当前线程添加到等待队列的队尾，并返回当前线程所在的节点。
acquireQueued
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
boolean failed = true;
try {
boolean interrupted = false;
//死循环检查（自旋检查）当前节点的前驱节点是否为头结点，才能获取锁
for (;;) {
// 获取节点的前驱节点
final Node p = node.predecessor();
if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {//节点中的线程循环的检查，自己的前驱节点是否为头节点
//将当前节点设置为头结点，移除之前的头节点
setHead(node);
p.next = null; // help GC
failed = false;
return interrupted;
}
// 否则检查前一个节点的状态，看当前获取锁失败的线程是否要挂起
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
//如果需要挂起，借助JUC包下面的LockSupport类的静态方法park挂起当前线程，直到被唤醒
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
//如果有异常
if (failed)
//取消请求，将当前节点从队列中移除
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}使线程在等待队列中获取资源，一直获取到资源后才返回。如果在整个等待过程中被中断过，则返回true，否则返回false。
如果线程在等待过程中被中断过，它是不响应的。只是获取资源后才再进行自我中断selfInterrupt()，将中断补上。
独占式锁获取流程
1. 当前线程通过tryAcquire()方法尝试获取锁，成功则直接返回，失败则进入队列排队等待，通过CAS获取同步状态。
2. 如果尝试获取锁失败的话，构造同步节点（独占式的Node.EXCLUSIVE），通过addWaiter(Node node,int args)方法,将节点加入到同步队列的队列尾部。
3. 最后调用acquireQueued(final Node node, int args)方法，使该节点以死循环的方式获取同步状态，如果获取不到，则阻塞节点中的线程。acquireQueued方法当前线程在死循环中获取同步状态，而只有前驱节点是头节点的时候才能尝试获取锁（同步状态）（ p == head && tryAcquire(arg)）。
release(int)：独占锁的释放
public final boolean release(int arg) {
//调用tryRelease方法释放
if (tryRelease(arg)) {//如果释放成功
Node h = head;
//如果头节点不为null，并且头结点的waitStatus值不为0，即有状态
if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
unparkSuccessor(h);
return true;
}
//没有释放成功返回false
return false;
}
// tryRelease() 尝试释放当前线程的同步状态（锁）
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
//c为释放后的同步状态
int c = getState() - releases;
//判断当前释放锁的线程是否为获取到锁（同步状态）的线程，不是抛出异常（非法监视器状态异常）
if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
boolean free = false;
//如果锁（同步状态）已经被当前线程彻底释放，则设置锁的持有者为null，同步状态（锁）变的可获取
if (c == 0) {
free = true;
setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
}
setState(c);
return free;
}
private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
/*
* If status is negative (i.e., possibly needing signal) try
* to clear in anticipation of signalling. It is OK if this
* fails or if status is changed by waiting thread.
*/
int ws = node.waitStatus;
if (ws < 0)
compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);
/*
* Thread to unpark is held in successor, which is normally
* just the next node. But if cancelled or apparently null,
* traverse backwards from tail to find the actual
* non-cancelled successor.
*/
Node s = node.next;
//从队列尾部开始往前去找最前面的一个waitStatus小于0的节点。
if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
s = null;
for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
s = t;
}
//唤醒后继节点对应的线程
if (s != null)
LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
}release()是独占模式下线程释放资源的顶层入口。它会释放指定量的资源，如果彻底释放了（即state=0）,它会唤醒等待队列里的其他线程来获取资源。
acquireShared(int)
此方法是共享模式下线程获取共享资源的顶层入口。它会获取指定量的资源，获取成功则直接返回，获取失败则进入等待队列，直到获取到资源为止，整个过程忽略中断。
public final void acquireShared(int arg) {
if (tryAcquireShared(arg) < 0)
doAcquireShared(arg);
}
private void doAcquireShared(int arg) {
final Node node = addWaiter(Node.SHARED);//加入队列尾部
boolean failed = true;//是否成功标志
try {
boolean interrupted = false;//等待过程中是否被中断过的标志
for (;;) {
final Node p = node.predecessor();//前驱
if (p == head) {//如果到head的下一个，因为head是拿到资源的线程，此时node被唤醒，很可能是head用完资源来唤醒自己的
int r = tryAcquireShared(arg);//尝试获取资源
if (r >= 0) {//成功
setHeadAndPropagate(node, r);//将head指向自己，还有剩余资源可以再唤醒之后的线程
p.next = null; // help GC
if (interrupted)//如果等待过程中被打断过，此时将中断补上。
selfInterrupt();
failed = false;
return;
}
}
//判断状态，寻找安全点，进入waiting状态，等着被unpark()或interrupt()
if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
parkAndCheckInterrupt())
interrupted = true;
}
} finally {
if (failed)
cancelAcquire(node);
}
}流程就是：
tryAcquireShared()尝试获取资源，成功则直接返回；
失败则通过doAcquireShared()进入等待队列park()，直到被unpark()/interrupt()并成功获取到资源才返回。整个等待过程也是忽略中断的。
doAcquireShared(int)此方法用于将当前线程加入等待队列尾部休息，直到其他线程释放资源唤醒自己，自己成功拿到相应量的资源后才返回。
releaseShared()
public final boolean releaseShared(int arg) {
if (tryReleaseShared(arg)) {//尝试释放资源
doReleaseShared();//唤醒后继结点
return true;
}
return false;
}释放掉资源后，唤醒后继节点。
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