HttpClient知识总结

HttpClient知识总结

一.HttpClient简介

HttpClient是一个可以让java应用程序使用http协议访问网络资源的客户端编程工具包。（JDK中java.net包也提供了基本的HTTP访问资源功能，但是不能做复杂处理）

二.HttpClient包

在maven中导入httpClient包（如下）,或者在官网中下载jar包手动导入到项目中。

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
            <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>4.5.13</version> <!-- 请检查是否有更新的版本 -->
</dependency>

三.HttpClient应用

1.Get请求，无参数

 //1.创建一个client对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
 //2.创建Get请求对象,在请求中输入url
        HttpGet get=new HttpGet("http://www.baidu.com");
 //3.发送请求，返回响应数据
        CloseableHttpResponse res = client.execute(get);
 //4.获取响应的状态码
        int code = res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println(code);
 //5.处理响应数据
        HttpEntity entity = res.getEntity();
        String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
        System.out.println(content);
 //6.关闭链接
        client.close();

2.Get请求，有参数

//1.创建client对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
//2.创建一个封装URI的对象，在该对象中可以给定请求参数
        URIBuilder bui = new URIBuilder("http://www.baidu.com/s");
        bui.addParameter("word","西游记");
//3.创建一个Get请求对象
        HttpGet get = new HttpGet(bui.build());
//4.发送请求对象，并且获得响应数据
        CloseableHttpResponse res = client.execute(get);
//5.获取请求码
        int code = res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("请求码："+code);
//6.获取响应内容，处理响应数据
        HttpEntity entity = res.getEntity();
        String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
        System.out.println(content);
//7.关闭client
        client.close();

3.Post请求，无参数

//1.创建Client对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
//2.创建一个Post对象，在请求中输入url
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("http://www.baidu.com/");
//3.发送post请求，并获得响应数据
        CloseableHttpResponse res = client.execute(post);
//4.获得响应码
        int code = res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("Post无参数响应码："+code);
//5.处理响应数据
        HttpEntity entity = res.getEntity();
        String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8");
        System.out.println(content);
//6.关闭client
        client.close();

4.Post请求，有参数

//        1.创建client对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
//        2.创建post对象
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("https://cn.bing.com/search?");
//        3.设定参数，将参数加入到post对象中
        List<BasicNameValuePair> list=new ArrayList<>();//参数先存入数组中
        list.add(new BasicNameValuePair("q","响应码302"));
        StringEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, "utf-8");//将参数做字符串的转换
        post.setEntity(entity);//将参数加入到post对象中
//        4.发送请求，获得响应数据
        CloseableHttpResponse res = client.execute(post);
//        5.获得响应码
        int code = res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("post带参数，响应码："+code);
//        6.处理响应数据
        HttpEntity entity1 = res.getEntity();
        String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity1, "utf-8");
        System.out.println(content);
//        7.关闭client
        client.close();

5.Post请求，带JSON格式参数

//        1.创建client对象
        CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
//        2.创建post对象
        HttpPost post = new HttpPost("https://cn.bing.com/search?");
//        3.设置Post传入的JSON字符串参数
        String json="{\"q\":\"响应码302\"}";
        StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
        post.setEntity(entity);
//        4.发送请求，获取响应数据
        CloseableHttpResponse res = client.execute(post);
//        5.返回响应码
        int code = res.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        System.out.println("post请求带Json参数："+code);
//        6.处理响应数据
        HttpEntity entity1 = res.getEntity();
        String content = EntityUtils.toString(entity1, "utf-8");
        System.out.println(content);

6.HttpClient自定义工具类的使用

根据上述内容，我们可以将HttpClient封装成一个工具类HttpClientUtil

6.1编写工具类HttpClient

public class HttpClientUtil {
    //GET请求，带参数
    public static String doGet(String url, Map<String,String>param){
        //创建HttpClient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();

        String resultString="";
        CloseableHttpResponse response=null;
        //创建uri
        try {
            URIBuilder builder = new URIBuilder(url);
            if(param!=null){
                for(String key:param.keySet()){
                    builder.addParameter(key,param.get(key));
                }
            }
            URI uri=builder.build();

//            创建http GET请求
            HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);

            //执行请求
            response=httpClient.execute(httpGet);
            //判断返回状态是否为200
            if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode()==200){
                resultString= EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                if (response!=null){
                    response.close();
                }
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return resultString;
    }

    //GET请求，无参数
    public static String doGet(String url){
        return doGet(url,null);
    }

    //Post请求，带参数
    public static String doPost(String url,Map<String,String> param){
        //创建HttpClient对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response=null;
        String resultString="";
            try {
                //创建Http Post请求
                HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
                //创建参数列表
                if(param!=null){
                    List<NameValuePair> paramList=new ArrayList<>();
                    for(String key:param.keySet()){
                        paramList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key,param.get(key)));
                    }
                    //模拟表单
                    UrlEncodedFormEntity entity=new UrlEncodedFormEntity(paramList,"utf-8");
                    httpPost.setEntity(entity);
                }
                //执行http请求
                response=httpClient.execute(httpPost);
                resultString=EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally {
                try{
                    response.close();
                    httpClient.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
        return  resultString;
    }

    //Post请求，不带参数
    public static String doPost(String url){
        return doPost(url,null);
    }
    
    //Post请求，带Json参数
    public static String doPostJson(String url,String json){
        //创建client对象
        CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        CloseableHttpResponse response=null;
        String resultString="";
        try {
//            创建http Post请求
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            //创建请求内容
            StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(json, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            httpPost.setEntity(entity);
            //执行http请求
            response=httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            resultString=EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf-8");
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                response.close();
                httpClient.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }
        return resultString;
    }
}

6.2测试工具类HttpClientUitl

 public static void httpClientUtilTest(){
        String url="https://cn.bing.com/search?";
        Map<String,String> param=new HashMap<>();
        param.put("q","响应302");
        String result=HttpClientUtil.doPost(url,param);
        System.out.println("结果展示："+result);
    }